Nervous System

Question 1

Function of Nervous System

Answer 1

detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major Organs of Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal Cord
Senses
Nerves

Question 3

Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons (make up 10% of the nervous system)

Neuroglia (“nerve-glue”, make up 90% of the nervous system)

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system which wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath.

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

the button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Largest part of brain
Divided into 2 hemispheres
Outer cerebral cortex= “gray matter,” made of cell bodies & dendrites
Controls conscious activities

Question 13

frontal lobe

Answer 13

Voluntary movements (walking)

Reasoning & decision-making

Memory

Ability to predict consequences of actions

Planning

Verbal communication

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)

Question 16

Brainstem

Answer 16

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

Question 17

Midbrain

Answer 17

Controls body movements and postures

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient
All involuntary movements

Question 19

Spinal Cord

Answer 19

Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain

Question 20

parietal lobe

Answer 20

Sensations
Visual-spatial processing
Body position

Question 21

occipital lobe

Answer 21

Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 22

Temporal lobe

Answer 22

Memory
Comprehension & pronunciation of words
Sensations of smell and sound
Emotional association of memories

Question 23

medulla oblongata

Answer 23

transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain

Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

Question 24

pons

Answer 24

Carries info from one side of brain to the other, breathing

Question 25

Mechanoreceptors (touch)

Answer 25

The impulses produced in the skin are called cutaneous sensations. These sensations include touch, heat, cold, pressure, & pain.

Question 26

Thermoreceptors (temperature variations)

Answer 26

free nerve endings that reside in the skin, liver, and skeletal muscles, and in the hypothalamus,

Question 27

Pain receptors

Answer 27

sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain.

Question 28

Chemoreceptors (chemicals)

Answer 28

a sensory cell or organ responsive to chemical stimuli.

Question 29

Photoreceptors (light)

Answer 29

a structure in a living organism, especially a sensory cell or sense organ, that responds to light falling on it.

Question 30

Papillae

Answer 30

These chemoreceptors bind to certain molecules and then initiate an impulse through the nerves.

Question 31

malleous

Answer 31

They amplify the sound waves to the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window. hammer

Question 32

incus

Answer 32

They amplify the sound waves to the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window. anvil

Question 33

stapes

Answer 33

They amplify the sound waves to the inner ear through a membrane called the oval window. stirrup

Question 34

Cochlea

Answer 34

a bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid. transferring the impulse to the brain through the auditory nerve.

Question 35

Cornea

Answer 35

allows light into the eye

Question 36

Pupil

Answer 36

muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 37

Iris

Answer 37

works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 38

Retina

Answer 38

located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors.

Question 39

Lens

Answer 39

help bend or flatten the lens based on the distance of the image being viewed.

Question 40

Farsighted vs Nearsighted

Answer 40

farsighted= seeing or able to see for a great distance. | Nearsighted=unable to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes