Integumentary System

Question 1

function 1- protection

Answer 1

The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.
Acts as a protective barrier against water loss.

Question 2

Main Organs

Answer 2

Hair, skin, nails

Question 3

Function 2- sensory function

Answer 3

the skin, and especially the hairs projecting from hair follicles in the skin, can sense changes in the environment.

Question 4

Function 3- thermoregulation

Answer 4

the skin, and especially the hairs projecting from hair follicles in the skin, can sense changes in the environment. continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses.
When the sweat evaporates from the skin surface, the body is cooled as body heat is dissipated.

Question 5

Function 4- Vitamin D Synthesis

Answer 5

human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation.Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones. Lack of vitamin D can lead to illness

Question 6

Keratinocyte

Answer 6

The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale. a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

Question 7

Keratin

Answer 7

an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

Question 8

thin skin

Answer 8

layers stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, straum basale

Question 9

thick skin

Answer 9

all of the layers that are in thin skin plus stratum lucidum

Question 10

layers from superficial to deep

Answer 10

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, straum basale

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

spiny in appearance

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

grainy appearance

Question 13

Stratum lucidum

Answer 13

smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis

Question 14

Stratum corneum

Answer 14

The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment.

Question 15

Stratum basale

Answer 15

Deepest epidermal layer (the base)

Question 16

hair

Answer 16

texture (straight, curly) is determined by the shape and structure of the cortex, and to the extent that it is present, the medulla. The shape and structure of these layers are, in turn, determined by the shape of the hair follicle.

Question 17

hair follicule

Answer 17

Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis

Question 18

hair shaft

Answer 18

the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface.

Question 19

hair root

Answer 19

anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root.

Question 20

free edge (nail)

Answer 20

formed on the nail bed, and protects the tips of our fingers and toes as they are the farthest extremities and the parts of the body that experience the maximum mechanical stress.

Question 21

lunula

Answer 21

The nail bed is rich in blood vessels, making it appear pink, except at the base, where a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region called the lunula (the “little moon”)

Question 22

eponychiom (cuticule)

Answer 22

The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body

Question 23

nail root

Answer 23

The nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously.

Question 24

pores

Answer 24

where the sweat is released

Question 25

apocrine sweat gland

Answer 25

usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions. Apocrine sweat glands are larger than eccrine sweat glands and lie deeper in the dermis, sometimes even reaching the hypodermis, with the duct normally emptying into the hair follicle.

Question 26

eccrine sweat gland

Answer 26

type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.

Question 27

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 27

This cancer typically appears as a white waxy lump or a brown scaly patch on sun-exposed areas, such as the face and neck.
Treatments include prescription creams or surgery to remove the cancer.

Question 28

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 28

second most common form of skin cancer, characterized by abnormal, accelerated growth of squamous cells.

Question 29

melanoma

Answer 29

that develops when melanocytes (the cells that give the skin its tan or brown color) start to grow out of control.

Question 30

eczema

Answer 30

Atopic dermatitis usually develops in early childhood and is more common in people who have a family history of the condition.
The main symptom is a rash that typically appears on the arms and behind the knees, but can also appear anywhere.

Question 31

acne

Answer 31

a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells.

Question 32

1st degree burn

Answer 32

affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters.

Question 33

2nd degree burn

Answer 33

affects the first and second layers of skin (epidermis and dermis). Blisters may develop and pain can be severe.

Question 34

3rd degree burn

Answer 34

destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.

Question 35

4th degree burn

Answer 35

go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue, possibly involving muscle and bone. There is no feeling in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.

Question 36

stretch marks

Answer 36

a type of scar that develops when our skin stretches or shrinks quickly. The abrupt change causes the collagen and elastin, which support our skin, to rupture

Question 37

callus and corns

Answer 37

Corns are smaller than calluses and have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin. Corns tend to develop on parts of your feet that don’t bear weight, such as the tops and sides of your toes and even between your toes.