Skeletal System Flashcards
Two Types of Skeleton
Axial and appendicular
Axial
Supports the upright position and protects internal organs (80 bones) skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum
Appendicular
Aid in the movement of the body (126 bones) pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles
Total Bones
206 bones
Skeletal System Functions
Support and protection, body movement, produces blood cells, storage of minerals and fats
Epiphysis
Bone ends
Diaphysis
Middle of bone
Articular Cartilage
End padding tissue on bone
Periosteum
Bone membrane
Medullary Cavity
Hollow chamber filled with bone marrow
Compact Bone Tissue
Wall of the diaphysis
Spongy Bone Tissue
Cancellous bone in epiphysis
Long Bones
Cylinder shaped, longer than its wide; leverage; tibia, fibula
Short Bones
Cube shaped, approximately equal in dimensions; stability, support, motion; carpals, tarsals
Flat Bones
Thin, curved; muscle attachments and organ protectors; sternum, ribs
Irregular Bones
Complex shaped; protect organs; vertebrae, facial bones
Sesamoid Bones
Small, round; protect tendons; patellae
Red Bone Marrow
White and blood cells
Yellow Bone Marrow
Fat
Pivot
Uniaxial; allows rotational movement; proximal radioulnar joint
Hinge
Uniaxial; allows flexion/extension movements; knee
Condyloid
Biaxial; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction; joint of fingers
Saddle
Biaxial; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction; sternoclavicular joint
Plane
Multiaxial; allows inversion/eversion; intertarsal joints of food
Ball-and-socket
Multiaxial; allows medial/lateral rotation movements; shoulder/hip joints
Flexion/Extension
Flexing and extending your arm
Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction
Add: arms close Ab: arms away C: move in circles
Rotation
Medial/Lateral; head to left and middle
Supination/Pronation
P: hand down S: hand up
Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
Ankle up, ankle down
Inversion/Eversion
Ankle in, ankle out
Protraction/Retraction
Head to front, head to back
Depression/Elevation
Low shoulder, high shoulders
Opposition/Reposition
Index and thumb together, normal hand
Bones in Cranium
22 bones
Movable Bone in Skull
The mandible (lower jaw)
Five Vertebral Regions
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx
Vertebrae in Cervical
7 vertebrae in cervical (neck)
Vertebrae in Thoracic
12 thoracic vertebrae (middle of spine)
Vertebrae in Lumbar
5 lumbar vertebrae (lower back)
Scoliosis
Curve in spine (Curve sideways)
Kyphosis
Humpback (Curve outward)
Lordosis
Swayback (Curve inward)
Thoracic Cage
Protects heart and lungs
Costal Cartilage
Rib bone connects to sternum (middle chest bone)
Three Types of Ribs
True ribs (7) False ribs (3) Floating ribs (2)
Pectoral Girdle
The clavicle and scapula
Humerus
Top of the arm (shoulder to elbow)
Radius
Outer bone of the forearm
Ulna
Inner bone of the forearm
Carpals
Wrist
Metacarpals
Palm bones (between wrist and fingers)
Phalanges
Fingers
Femur
Thigh bone (between knee and pelvis)
Tibia
Big bone in shin
Fibula
Thin bone in shin
Tarsals
Ankle
Metatarsals
Bones between toes and ankles
Open (simple)
There is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone
Closed (compounded)
If the injury doesn’t break open the skin
Transverse
The bone perpendicular to the axis of the bone
Oblique
The break has a curved or sloped pattern
Spiral
Long bones that result from a rotational force applied to the bone
Comminuted
Break of the bone into more than two fragments
Impacted
When the broken ends of the bone are jammed together by the force of the injury
Greenstick
When a bone bends and cracks
