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tristin eason > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

two types of skeleton

A

axial and appendicular

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2
Q

axial

A

80 bones / skull, vertebrate, rib cage, sternum

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3
Q

appendicular

A

126 bones / pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, ankles

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4
Q

total bones in human body

A

206 bones

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5
Q

function 1

A

support and protection

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6
Q

function 2

A

body movement

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7
Q

function 3

A

produce blood cells

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8
Q

function 4

A

storage of minerals and fats

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9
Q

5 classification of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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10
Q

epiphysis

A

end of long bone

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone ( the middle part)

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12
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, padding

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13
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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14
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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15
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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16
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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17
Q

compact bone tissue

A

wall of the diaphysis

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18
Q

spongy bone tissue

A

cancellous, epiphysis - red marrow

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19
Q

flexion/extension

A

Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs.

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20
Q

Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction

A

Adduction: Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Abduction: Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Circumduction: Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.

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21
Q

rotation

A

can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.

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22
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Pronation: is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
Supination: is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.

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23
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion: lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg
Plantar Flexion: lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward

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24
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

inversion: the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline
eversion: turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

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25
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction: the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball.
Retraction: the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

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26
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

elevation: the upward movement of the scapula and shoulder.
depression: downward movement

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27
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.
Reposition: returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger

28
Q

pivot

A

a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament. An example of a pivot joint is the atlantoaxial joint, found between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae.

29
Q

hinge

A

the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone. Ex: the elbow joint

30
Q

condyloid

A

the shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone or bones. Ex: one movement involves the bending and straightening of the fingers or the anterior-posterior movements of the hand.

31
Q

saddle

A

both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other. Ex: first carpometacarpal joint

32
Q

plane

A

the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other. Ex: between tarsal bones

33
Q

ball-and-socket

A

greatest range in motion Ex: hip joint

34
Q

how many bones are in the cranium?

A

22 bones

35
Q

only movable bone in your skull?

A

mandible

36
Q

5 vertebral regions

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

37
Q

how many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

7

38
Q

how many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12

39
Q

how many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

5

40
Q

scoliosis

A

is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.

41
Q

kyphosis

A

also referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region.

42
Q

lordosis

A

or swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.

43
Q

what does the thoracic cage protect?

A

the heart and lungs

44
Q

costal cartilage

A

attaches the rib to the sternum

45
Q

three types of ribs, and how many of each?

A

1-7 are true ribs
8-12 are false ribs
11-12 are floating ribs

46
Q

main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

47
Q

humerus

A

arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow

48
Q

radius

A

one of the two bones that make up your forearm

49
Q

ulna

A

the other bone that makes up your forearm

50
Q

carpals

A

bones of the wrist

51
Q

metacarpals

A

five long bones of the hand between the carpal bones and the proximal

52
Q

phalanges

A

bones of the fingers

53
Q

femur

A

(thigh bone) largest bone in your body

54
Q

tibia

A

the larger of the two bones in your lower leg

55
Q

fibula

A

the calf bone, smaller than the tibia

56
Q

tarsals

A

make up the ankle

57
Q

metatarsals

A

bones of the forefoot

58
Q

transverse

A

straight across the long axis of the bone

59
Q

oblique

A

at an angle that is not 90 degrees

60
Q

spiral

A

bones segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

61
Q

comminuted

A

several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

62
Q

impacted

A

one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression

63
Q

greenstick

A

a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

64
Q

open (compound)

A

a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin

65
Q

closed (simple)

A

a fracture in which the skin remains intact

tristin eason (11 decks)

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