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tristin eason > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

two types of skeleton

A

axial and appendicular

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2
Q

axial

A

80 bones / skull, vertebrate, rib cage, sternum

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3
Q

appendicular

A

126 bones / pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, ankles

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4
Q

total bones in human body

A

206 bones

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5
Q

function 1

A

support and protection

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6
Q

function 2

A

body movement

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7
Q

function 3

A

produce blood cells

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8
Q

function 4

A

storage of minerals and fats

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9
Q

5 classification of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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10
Q

epiphysis

A

end of long bone

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone ( the middle part)

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12
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, padding

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13
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane that covers entire bone

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14
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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15
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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16
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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17
Q

compact bone tissue

A

wall of the diaphysis

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18
Q

spongy bone tissue

A

cancellous, epiphysis - red marrow

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19
Q

flexion/extension

A

Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs.

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20
Q

Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction

A

Adduction: Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Abduction: Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Circumduction: Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.

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21
Q

rotation

A

can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.

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22
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Pronation: is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
Supination: is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.

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23
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion: lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg
Plantar Flexion: lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward

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24
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

inversion: the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline
eversion: turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

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25
Protraction/Retraction
Protraction: the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball. Retraction: the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.
26
Depression/Elevation
elevation: the upward movement of the scapula and shoulder. depression: downward movement
27
Opposition/Reposition
Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Reposition: returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger
28
pivot
a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament. An example of a pivot joint is the atlantoaxial joint, found between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae.
29
hinge
the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone. Ex: the elbow joint
30
condyloid
the shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone or bones. Ex: one movement involves the bending and straightening of the fingers or the anterior-posterior movements of the hand.
31
saddle
both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other. Ex: first carpometacarpal joint
32
plane
the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size, which allows the bones to slide against each other. Ex: between tarsal bones
33
ball-and-socket
greatest range in motion Ex: hip joint
34
how many bones are in the cranium?
22 bones
35
only movable bone in your skull?
mandible
36
5 vertebral regions
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx
37
how many vertebrae are in cervical?
7
38
how many vertebrae are in thoracic?
12
39
how many vertebrae are in lumbar?
5
40
scoliosis
is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.
41
kyphosis
also referred to as humpback or hunchback, is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region.
42
lordosis
or swayback, is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.
43
what does the thoracic cage protect?
the heart and lungs
44
costal cartilage
attaches the rib to the sternum
45
three types of ribs, and how many of each?
1-7 are true ribs 8-12 are false ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
46
main bones of the pectoral girdle
scapula and clavicle
47
humerus
arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow
48
radius
one of the two bones that make up your forearm
49
ulna
the other bone that makes up your forearm
50
carpals
bones of the wrist
51
metacarpals
five long bones of the hand between the carpal bones and the proximal
52
phalanges
bones of the fingers
53
femur
(thigh bone) largest bone in your body
54
tibia
the larger of the two bones in your lower leg
55
fibula
the calf bone, smaller than the tibia
56
tarsals
make up the ankle
57
metatarsals
bones of the forefoot
58
transverse
straight across the long axis of the bone
59
oblique
at an angle that is not 90 degrees
60
spiral
bones segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
61
comminuted
several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments
62
impacted
one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression
63
greenstick
a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
64
open (compound)
a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin
65
closed (simple)
a fracture in which the skin remains intact

tristin eason (11 decks)

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