cardiovascular system Flashcards
arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
blood vessels
a tube in which the blood circulates throughout the body
capillaries
Tiny vessels that branch off from arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues.
deoxygenated
body → right chambers of the heart → lung
heart
A muscular pump that forces blood around the body.
oxygen
helps u breath
oxygenated
lung → left chambers of the heart → body
pulmonary circulation
between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart.
systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.
veins
Vessels that bring blood back to the heart.
size of heart
size of a fist and shaped like an upside-down pear, the heart lies directly behind the sternum.
how many chambers does the heart have?
four chambers
location of heart
located in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity
apex
The tip of the heart at the lower edge
endocardium
is the inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers. It is a very smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers.
myocardium
is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.
pericardium
The heart is enclosed within a double-layered pleural sac
atria
are the receiving chambers of the heart. Blood returning to the heart via veins first collects in the atria.
ventricles
are the pumping chambers. They have a much thicker myocardium and their contraction ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries.
tricuspid valve
an atrioventricular valve (AV), meaning that it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
pulmonary valve
a semilunar valve, with the prefix semi- meaning half and the term lunar meaning moon, indicate that this valve looks like a half moon. Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery,
mitral valve
also called the bicuspid valve, indicating that it has two cusps. Blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot go back up into the left atrium.
aortic valve
a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle.
blood pressure
is a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.
