integumentary system

Question 1

integumentary system main organs

Answer 1

Encloses internal body structures; site of many sensory receptors; thermoregulation; vitamin D synthesis
main organs: hair, skin and nail

Question 2

function #1 (protection)

Answer 2

The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.

Question 3

function #2(sensory)

Answer 3

The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.

Question 4

function #3(thermoregulation)

Answer 4

Helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses.

Question 5

function #4(vitamin D synthesis)

Answer 5

Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.

Question 6

skin

Answer 6

Made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue.

Question 7

epidermis

Answer 7

provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

Question 8

dermis

Answer 8

to support and protect the skin and deeper layers.

Question 9

hypodermis

Answer 9

provides the main structural support for the skin.

Question 10

keratin

Answer 10

Is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

Question 11

keratinocyte

Answer 11

Is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

Question 12

stratum basale

Answer 12

Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.

Question 13

stratum spinosum

Answer 13

spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.

Question 14

stratum granulosum

Answer 14

Has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum.

Question 15

stratum lucidum

Answer 15

A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum.

Question 16

stratum corneum

Answer 16

The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment.

Question 17

5 layers of epidermis from superficial to deep

Answer 17

1. corneum, 2. lucidum, 3. granulosum, 4. spinosum, 5. basale

Question 18

thick skin

Answer 18

provides protection

Question 19

thin skin

Answer 19

helps protect against infections

Question 20

hair

Answer 20

Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells.

Question 21

hair follicle

Answer 21

Strands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called the hair follicle.

Question 22

hair shaft

Answer 22

The hair shaft is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface.

Question 23

hair root

Answer 23

The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root.

Question 24

free edge (nail)

Answer 24

to reinforce and protect the ends of the fingers and toes.

Question 25

lunula

Answer 25

the area responsible for the growth of the fingernail.

Question 26

eponychium

Answer 26

also providing a waterproof barrier.

Question 27

nail root

Answer 27

forms the nail body as it reaches the skin’s surface.

Question 28

pores

Answer 28

moistens your hair and skin.

Question 29

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 29

is usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions.

Question 30

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 30

is type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.

Question 31

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 31

A type of skin cancer that develops on the face or neck area. Surgery is the best treatment.

Question 32

Melanoma

Answer 32

A type of skin cancer and develops in the melanocyte cells.

Question 33

Eczema

Answer 33

When your skin becomes itchy, bumpy, and red. Can be caused by a weak immune system, genetics, your environment. Creams and ointments for treatments.

Question 34

Acne

Answer 34

When you har follicles are clogged up with oil and dead skin cells. Accutane or personal medication for treatment.

Question 35

1 degree burns

Answer 35

Evolve on the top layer of your skin. May experience mild swelling. Treat it with cold water.

Question 36

2 degree burns

Answer 36

This type of burn affects both the epidermis and the second layer of skin (dermis). It may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy skin.

Question 37

3 degree burns

Answer 37

Destroy the epidermis and dermis. May also damage the underlying bones, muscles and tendons. Leathery texture and redness are some symptoms.

Question 38

4 degree burns

Answer 38

Occurs through both layers of skin and underlying tissues and deeper tissues. Can get it from hot irons, stoves, ovens, and chemicals.

Question 39

stretch marks

Answer 39

A type of scar that develops when you skin stretches or shrinks quickly.

Question 40

callus and corns

Answer 40

Corns and calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tries to protect itself from friction or pressure. Avoid the repetitive actions that caused them to develop.

Question 41

Squamous

Answer 41

Are thin, flat cells that look scaly. Avoid sunlight