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3B Brady Grace > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

support and protection, body movement, excretion

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

to protect the central nervous system

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3
Q

how many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80 bones

skull, vertebrae, rib cage,

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones that support appendages

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5
Q

how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

arms, femur, fibula, tibia, feet bones

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6
Q

how many total bones are in the body?

A

206

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7
Q

what are the 5 types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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8
Q

long bones

A

cylinder-shaped bones that are longer than they are wide, gives leverage.
tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, and phalanges

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9
Q

short bones

A

shaped more like a cube

carpal, tarsals

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10
Q

flat bones

A

the spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

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11
Q

irregular bones

A

cancellous tissue enclosed in compact bone
vertebræ, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.

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12
Q

sesamoid bones

A

a small round bone that is imbedded within a tendon, whose purpose is to reinforce and decrease stress on that tendon
knee, thumb, big toe

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13
Q

epiphysis

A

end

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft

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15
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

periosteum

A

vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

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17
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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18
Q

red marrow

A

blood

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19
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

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20
Q

compact

A

wall of diaphysis

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21
Q

spongy

A

epiphysis- red marrow

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22
Q

pivot

A

Uniaxial joints allows rotational movement

freely movable

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23
Q

hinge

A

Uniaxial joint, allows flexion and extension, synovial joint that allows motion in one plane.

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24
Q

condyloid

A

biaxial joint, allows flexion and extension, abduction/ adduction and circumduction

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25
Q

saddle

A

biaxial joint, allows flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction and circumduction

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26
Q

plane

A

the multiaxial joint allows inversion and eversion of foor. extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

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27
Q

ball and socket

A

multiaxial joint, allows flexion/ extension

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28
Q

Flexion/ Extension

A

take place in sagittal plane, involve anterior or posterior movements of the body.
flexion is decreasing the angle and extension is increasing the angle.

29
Q

adduction, abduction, circumduction

A

condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket joints

adduction is arms by your side

abduction is arms raised laterally

circumduction is moving arms in a circle

30
Q

rotation

A

can occur in the vertebral column

31
Q

medial/ lateral

A

medial (internal rotation) movement that brings anterior surface of limb towards the midling of the body. Lateral is away from the midline

32
Q

Supination/ Pronation

A

Pronation- palms down, supination- palms up

33
Q

dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A

dorsiflexion- foot flexing up, plantarflexion- foot down

34
Q

opposition/ reposition

A

opposition- thumb touching index and 3 fingers normal, reposition- regular position

35
Q

inversion/ eversion

A

inversion- turning foot where bottom of foot is towards the midline, eversion- turning bottom of foot away from the midline.

36
Q

protraction

A

sticking the jaw out

37
Q

depression/ elevation

A

elevation- raising shoulders, depression- putting shoulders down

38
Q

how many bones are in the cranium?

39
Q

what is the only movable bone in the skull?

A

mandible, jaw

40
Q

what are the 5 vertebral regions

A 
superior to an inferior order
cervical vertebrae
thoracic curve
intervertebral disc
lumbar vertebrae
sacrum coccyx
41
Q

how many vertebrae are in the cervical?

42
Q

how many vertebrae in thoracic?

A

12 (T1-T12)

43
Q

How many vertebrae in lumbar?

44
Q

Scoliosis

A

is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column

45
Q

Kyphosis

A

curvature of the spine greater than 50 degrees

46
Q

Lordosis

A

exaggerated inward curve of the spine that affects the lower back

47
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

The heart, lungs and other organs

48
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

bars of hyaline cartliage to prolong the ribs.

49
Q

Three types of ribs and how many of each?

A

true, false and floating ribs.

50
Q

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and Scapula

51
Q

humerus

A

arm bone between shoulder and elbow

52
Q

Radius

A

Bone on the thumb side of forearm

53
Q

Ulna

A

The other bone that makes up the arm

54
Q

Carpals

A

Bones that make up the base of the wrist

55
Q

Metacarpals

A

Hand bones

56
Q

Phalanges

57
Q

Femur

A

big thigh bone

58
Q

Tibia

A

Big lower leg bone

59
Q

Fibula

A

Other small lower leg bone

60
Q

Tarsals

A

at base of ankles

61
Q

Metatarsals

62
Q

Closed Fracture

A

Fracture where the bone is pointed in the correct direction

63
Q

Open Fracture

A

Fracture where bone is pointed in the incorrect direction

64
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Fracture where the bone is still together

65
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

A fracture like a spiral

66
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Multiple small fragments of bone

67
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

Fracture from impact

68
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Chip out of the bone

69
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Clean cut fracture

3B Brady Grace (7 decks)

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