Nervous System

Question 1

The function of Nervous System

Answer 1

The nervous system controls everything you do, including breathing, walking, thinking, and feeling.

Question 2

Major Organs of the nervous System

Answer 2

This system is made up of your brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of your body

Question 3

Difference Between Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons are highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supporting cells that provide physical sport, remove debris, and provide electrical insulation.

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells.

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

produces the proteins that the other parts of the neuron, including the dendrites, axons, and synapses, need to function properly.

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

the periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

conducts electrical impulses

Question 10

Axon terminal

Answer 10

small swellings that are found at the terminal ends of axons. They are typically the sites where synapses with other neurons are found, and neurotransmitters are stored there

Question 11

Csf

Answer 11

clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

responsible for integrating sensory impulses, directing motor activity, and controlling higher intellectual functions.

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

behavior and emotional control center and home to our personality.

Question 14

Parietal Lobe

Answer 14

responsible for integrating sensory input, and construction of a spatial coordinate system to represent the world around us.

Question 15

Temporal Lobe

Answer 15

The temporal lobes are also believed to play an important role in processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception.

Question 16

Occipital Lobe

Answer 16

responsible for visual perception, including color, form, and motion.

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

small structure within the brain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

helps regulate some body functions, including your breathing and heart rate. The brainstem also controls your balance, coordination, and reflexes.

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

contains over 50% of the total number of neurons in the brain.

Question 21

Spinal Cord

Answer 21

carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 22

Midbrain

Answer 22

connection central between the brain and the spinal cord

Question 23

Pons

Answer 23

generating the respiratory rhythm of breathing. Active functioning of the pons may also be fundamental to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Question 24

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 24

critical role in transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain and in controlling autonomic activities, such as heartbeat and respiration.

Question 25

Papillae

Answer 25

increase the surface area of the tongue and to increase the area of contact and friction between the tongue and food.

Question 26

Cochlea

Answer 26

hollow, spiral-shaped bone found in the inner ear that plays a key role in the sense of hearing and participates in the process of auditory transduction.

Question 27

Cornea

Answer 27

your eye’s clear, protective outer layer.

Question 28

Pupil

Answer 28

admits and regulates the flow of light to the retina. This is part of the process which allows us to perceive images.

Question 29

Iris

Answer 29

the hole in the iris in which light passes through to the back of the eye. The iris controls pupil size.

Question 30

Retina

Answer 30

a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain.

Question 31

Lens

Answer 31

it can change shape and bend the light to focus properly on the retina.

Question 32

farsighted vs nearsighted

Answer 32

nearsighted person sees near objects clearly, while objects in the distance are blurred. Farsightedness is the result of the visual image being focused behind the retina rather than directly on it.

Question 33

Hearing

Answer 33

our ability to perceive noise and sounds

Question 34

Taste

Answer 34

partially responsible for the perception of taste

Question 35

Smell

Answer 35

olfaction

Question 36

Vision

Answer 36

turning light into the brain’s language of electrical signals.

Question 37

Touch

Answer 37

ability to perceive an object or other stimulus that comes into contact with the surface of the skin

Question 38

Malleus

Answer 38

Hammer- attached to eardrum,

Question 39

Incus

Answer 39

Anvil- in the middle of the chain of bones

Question 40

Stapes

Answer 40

Stirrup-attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner ear