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andre vanderenden > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of bones

A

axial and appendicular

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2
Q

How many bones in axial and what are the main bones?

A

80 bones, skull, vertebrae, rib cage and sternum

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3
Q

How many bones in appendicular and what are the main bones?

A

126 bones, Limbs, arms, hands, forearms, pelvis, legs, feet and ankles

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4
Q

Total bones in human body?

A

206

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5
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals

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6
Q

How are long bones classified?

A

Cylinder like shape, longer than it is wide

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7
Q

What does epiphysis mean?

A

the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft

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8
Q

What does diaphysis mean?

A

the shaft or central part of a long bone

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9
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. Healthy cartilage in our joints makes it easier to move. It allows the bones to glide over each other with very little friction. Articular cartilage can be damaged by injury or normal wear and tear

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10
Q

What is periosteum?

A

The periosteum is a highly vascular connective tissue sheath covering the external surface of all the bones except for sites of articulation and muscle attachment

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11
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

The medullary cavity is the hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow. The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat. Spongy bone (also called cancellous bone) is made up of small, needle-like pieces of bone arranged like a honeycomb.

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12
Q

What are the functions of red and yellow bone marrow?

A

Red bone marrow helps produce blood cells. Yellow bone marrow helps store fat.

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13
Q

How are short bones classified?

A

Cube like shape, approximately equal in length, width and thickness

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14
Q

How are flat bones classified?

A

Thin and curved | sternum, ribs, cranial bones

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15
Q

How are irregular bones classified?

A

Complex shape | vertebrae and facial bones

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16
Q

How are sesamoid bones classified?

A

small and round, embedded in tendons

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17
Q

What is compact bone tissue?

A

Compact bone, also called cortical bone, dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces (lacunae) that contain the osteocytes, or bone cells

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18
Q

What is spongy bone tissue?

A

Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

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19
Q

What is pivot joint?

A

Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis.

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20
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

A hinge joint is a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane. an elbow

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21
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

A joint is where two bones meet. … Saddle joints are another type of synovial joint. a thumb

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22
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

a natural or manufactured joint or coupling, such as the hip joint, in which a partially spherical end lies in a socket, allowing multi directional movement and rotation.

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23
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

Condyloid joints are a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone.

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24
Q

What is a plane joint?

A

Plane joint, also called gliding joint or arthrodial joint, in anatomy, type of structure in the body formed between two bones in which the articular, or free, surfaces of the bones are flat or nearly flat, enabling the bones to slide over each other.

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25
Q

What is flexion?

A

the action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint.
(bicep curl)

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26
Q

What is extension?

A

Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

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27
Q

What is abduction?

A

the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part.

28
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. The opposite of adduction is abduction.

29
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Circumduction is the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone.

30
Q

What is rotation?

A

the action of rotating around an axis or center.

31
Q

What is supination?

A

rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward

32
Q

What is pronation?

A

Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking.

33
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot. … Dorsiflexion occurs in your ankle when you draw your toes back toward your shins.

34
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Plantar flexion is the movement that allows you to press the gas pedal of your car. It also allows ballet dancers to stand on their toes. The term plantar flexion refers to the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body.

35
Q

What is inversion?

A

Inversion involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane - so that the sole faces in a medial direction. Eversion involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane - so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

36
Q

What is eversion?

A

the condition (as of the foot) of being turned or rotated outward.

37
Q

What is protraction?

A

the action of extending a part of the body.

38
Q

What is retraction?

A

the action of drawing something back or back in.

39
Q

What is depression?

A

Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug), depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.

40
Q

What is elevation?

A

Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug), depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.

41
Q

What is opposition?

A

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.

42
Q

What is reposition?

A

Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.

43
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

The eight bones of the cranium form the “vault” that encloses the brain. They include the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

44
Q

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

A

The only bone in your skull that forms freely movable joints is your mandible, or jawbone.

45
Q

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

A

The spine is split into five regions: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx. The vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx are fused, but those of the cervical, thoracic, and lumber regions are free to articulate.

46
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

The spine above the sacrum consists of: Seven bones in the neck—the cervical spine. 12 bones in the chest—the thoracic spine. Five bones in the lower back—the lumbar spine.

47
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12 bones in the chest—the thoracic spine. Five bones in the lower back—the lumbar spine.

48
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

The lumbar section is located between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum. The five lumbar vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5, are the main weight-bearing section of the spinal column.

49
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

50
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

51
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

A curving inward of the lower back.

52
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

The thoracic cage (rib cage) forms the thorax (chest) portion of the body. It consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum (Figure 6.38). The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12). The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.

53
Q

What is the Costal cartilage?

A

: any of the cartilages that connect the distal ends of the ribs with the sternum and by their elasticity permit movement of the chest in respiration.

54
Q

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

A

As such, ribs can be allocated to one of three distinct types; true (vertebrosternal) ribs, false (vertebrochondral) ribs and floating (vertebral, free) ribs. Ribs one to seven are considered true ribs and attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage.

55
Q

What are the main bones of the pectoral girdle?

A

The pectoral girdle is made up of two major bones: the clavicle and scapula.

56
Q

what is the humerus?

A

The humerus is the arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow. There are two types of humerus fractures based on the location of the break(s). Trauma from a fall or accident are often the cause of this type of fracture.

57
Q

what is the radius bone?

A

The radius is one of the two bones that make up the forearm, the other being the ulna. It forms the radio-carpel joint at the wrist and the radio-ulnar joint at the elbow. It is in the lateral forearm when in the anatomical position. It is the smaller of the two bones.

58
Q

what is the ulna bone?

A

The ulna is one of two bones that make up the forearm, the other being the radius. It forms the elbow joint with the humerus and also articulates with the radius both proximally and distally. It is located in the medial forearm when the arm is in the anatomical position.

59
Q

What is the carpal bone?

A

Your wrist is made up of eight small bones (carpal bones) plus two long bones in your forearm — the radius and the ulna. The most commonly injured carpal bone is the scaphoid bone, located near the base of your thumb.

60
Q

What are the phalange bones?

A

Phalanges. The 14 bones that are found in the fingers of each hand and also in the toes of each foot. Each finger has 3 phalanges (the distal, middle, and proximal); the thumb only has 2.

61
Q

What is the femur bone?

A

Your thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body. … The femoral shaft runs from below the hip to where the bone begins to widen at the knee.

62
Q

What is the tibia bone?

A

The tibia is a larger bone on the inside, and the fibula is a smaller bone on the outside. The tibia is much thicker than the fibula. It is the main weight-bearing bone of the two. The fibula supports the tibia and helps stabilize the ankle and lower leg muscles.

63
Q

What is the fibula bone?

A

The fibula, sometimes called the calf bone, is smaller than the tibia and runs beside it. The top end of the fibula is located below the knee joint but is not part of the joint itself. The lower end of the fibula forms the outer part of the ankle joint.

64
Q

What is the tarsal bone?

A

Tarsal, any of several short, angular bones that in humans make up the ankle and that—in animals that walk on their toes (e.g., dogs, cats) or on hoofs—are contained in the hock, lifted off the ground. The tarsals correspond to the carpal bones of the upper limb.

65
Q

What is the metatarsal bone?

A

The metatarsal bones are the long bones in your foot that connect your ankle to your toes. They also help you balance when you stand and walk.

66
Q

What are the 10 types of fractures?

A 
Transverse Fracture. Transverse fractures are breaks that are in a straight line across the bone. ...
Spiral Fracture. ...
Greenstick Fracture. ...
Stress Fracture. ...
Compression Fracture. ...
Oblique Fracture. ...
Impacted Fracture. ...
Segmental Fracture.

andre vanderenden (8 decks)

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