Muscular System

Question 1

skeletal

Answer 1

The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

Question 2

smooth

Answer 2

Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle cannot be controlled consciously and thus acts involuntarily.

Question 3

cardiac

Answer 3

. Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in your heart, where it performs coordinated contractions that allow your heart to pump blood through your circulatory system.

Question 4

excitability

Answer 4

Excitability is a property of a cell, allowing it to respond to stimulation by rapid changes in membrane potential produced by ion fluxes across the plasma membrane.

Question 5

contractility

Answer 5

Contractility describes the relative ability of the heart to eject a stroke volume (SV) at a given prevailing afterload (arterial pressure) and preload (end-diastolic volume; EDV)

Question 6

extensibility

Answer 6

Extensibility is a measure of the ability to extend a system and the level of effort required to implement the extension. Extensions can be through the addition of new functionality or through modification of existing functionality. The principle provides for enhancements without impairing existing system functions.

Question 7

elasticity

Answer 7

Elasticity is the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle’s original length after being stretched.

Question 8

fascicle

Answer 8

When a group of muscle fibers is “bundled” as a unit within the whole muscle it is called a fascicle. Fascicles are covered by a layer of connective tissue called perimysium (see Figure 10.3). Fascicle arrangement is correlated to the force generated by a muscle and affects the muscle’s range of motion.

Question 9

epimysium

Answer 9

a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.

Question 10

perimysium

Answer 10

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.

Question 11

endomysium

Answer 11

The endomysium is the thinner portion of the intramuscular connective tissue and is directly in contact with and surrounds every single muscle fibre, forming its immediate external environment. … The endomysium is the key element that separates single muscle fibres from one another.

Question 12

sarcolemma

Answer 12

the fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles.

Question 13

myofibril

Answer 13

A myofibril is a long cylindrical organelle found in muscle cells formed by two transverse filament systems: the thick and thin filaments. The thin filament is composed primarily of actin; it is tethered at one end to the Z-disk, and it interdigitates with the thick filaments.

Question 14

sarcoplasm

Answer 14

the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.

Question 15

actin

Answer 15

a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell.

Question 16

myosin

Answer 16

Myosins are a large family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that bind actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform diverse functions such as cell motility and contractility, cytokinesis, intracellular trafficking and muscle contraction.

Question 17

subclavius prime mover

Answer 17

depression, stabilizes clavicle during movement

Question 18

serratus anterior

Answer 18

scapula, protracts, ribs, elevates moves arm from the side of the body to front of the body

Question 19

trapezius

Answer 19

scapula, rotates inferiorly, retracts and elevates elevates shoulders

Question 20

rhomboid major

Answer 20

retracts, rotates inferiorly stabilizes scapula during pectoral

Question 21

pectoralis major

Answer 21

flexion adduction brings elbows together

Question 22

latissimus dorsi

Answer 22

humerus extension adduction moves elbow back

Question 23

deltoid

Answer 23

abduction flexion lifts arms at the shoulder

Question 24

supraspinatus

Answer 24

abduction rotates the elbows outwards

Question 25

teres major

Answer 25

extension adduction rotating the elbow outwards

Question 26

biceps brachii

Answer 26

flexion supination perfors a bicep curl

Question 27

triceps brachii

Answer 27

extension extends forearm

Question 28

pronator teres

Answer 28

turns hand palm down pronation

Question 29

supinator

Answer 29

supination turns hand palm up

Question 30

iliacus

Answer 30

thigh flexion raises the knee at the hip

Question 31

gluteous maximus

Answer 31

extension lowers the knee and moves the thigh back

Question 32

gluteus medius

Answer 32

extension opens the thigh

Question 33

gluteus minimus

Answer 33

abduction brings the thigh back together

Question 34

adductor longus

Answer 34

adduction flexion brings the thighs back together

Question 35

rectus femoris

Answer 35

tibia, fibula, extension

Question 36

biceps femoris

Answer 36

extension lateral rotation moves the back of the lower leg up

Question 37

tibialis anterior

Answer 37

dorsiflexion raises the sole foot off the ground

Question 38

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 38

dorsiflexion extension raises the sole foot off the ground

Question 39

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 39

dorsiflexion extension raises the sole foot off the ground

Question 40

gastrocnemius

Answer 40

plantar flexion lowers the sole of the foot to the ground

Question 41

soleus

Answer 41

plantar flexion lowers the sole for the foot to the ground

Question 42

tibialis posterior

Answer 42

plantar flexion lowers the sole of the foot to the ground

Question 43

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 43

foot toes 2-5 lowers the sole of the foot to the ground

Question 44

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 44

flexion flexes the big toe