integumentary system Flashcards
apocrine sweat gland
usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas.
hair
any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, mammals, and some other animals.
nails
a horny covering on the upper surface of the tip of the finger and toe in humans and other primates.
dermis
The inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. The dermis has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures.
integumentary system
encloses internal body structures
protection
the skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements
sensory function
the skin acts as a sense organ because of the epidermis
free edge
The part of a nail, such as a fingernail or toenail, that extends past the flesh of the finger or toe.
lunula
the white area at the base of a fingernail.
cuticle
a protective and waxy or hard layer covering the epidermis of a plant, invertebrate, or shell.
nail root
Nail root: The root of the nail is also known as the germinal matrix. Its edge appears as a white crescent, known as the lunula. The root portion of this nail lies below the skin, underneath the nail, and extends several millimeters into the finger. It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.Sep 22, 2019
pores
a minute opening in a surface, especially the skin or integument of an organism, through which gases, liquids, or microscopic particles can pass.
eccrine
relating to or denoting multicellular glands that do not lose cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands found widely distributed on the skin.
apocrine
relating to or denoting multicellular glands which release some of their cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands associated with hair follicles in the armpits and pubic regions.
Basal cell carcinoma
cancer that forms in your basal cells, cells that produces new skin cells. get it from chronic sun exposure
squamous cell carcinoma
thin flat cells that are scaly and are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin.
melanoma
skin cancer that forms in the melanocytes that make melanin. discoloration of skin.
eczema
skin condition where your skin turns red, bumpy, itchy flaky and dry plus its genetic.
acne
occurs when the pores of your skin become blocked with oil, dead skin and/or bacteria. treatment is by washing your face.
1st degree burns
affect the epidermis and are the least serious. no treatment needed. can be caused by sunburns.
2nd degree burn
blisters. does not reach the hypodermis fat.
4th degree burns
goes through both layers of skin and underlying tissue
stretch marks
when the skin stretches to the point of ripping and tearing. no really treatment but fades over time.
callus
a small area of thicken skin that appears due to constant friction. tenderness or pain underneath the skin
thermoregulation
the integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association
vitamin D synthesis
the epidermal layer of human skin synthesis vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation
skin
the skin is made of multiple layers and tissues which are held underlying structures
keratinocyte
cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin
stratum basale
single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells
stratum spinosum
spiny in appearance due to protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome
stratum granulosum
has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
a smooth seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis
epidermis
The epidermis is the thin, outer layer of the skin that is visible to the eye and works to provide protection for the body.
hypodermis
The hypodermis contains the cells known as fibroblasts, adipose tissue (fat cells), connective tissue, larger nerves and blood vessels, and macrophages, cells which are part of the immune system and help keep your body free of intruders.
hair follicle
A hair follicle is a tunnel-shaped structure in the epidermis (outer layer) of the skin. Hair starts growing at the bottom of a hair follicle. … As more cells are created, the hair grows out of the skin and reaches the surface. Sebaceous glands near the hair follicles produce oil, which nourishes the hair and skin.
hair shaft
The hair shaft is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface. The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root.
hair root
The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the hair root. The hair root ends deep in the dermis at the hair bulb, and includes a layer of mitotically active basal cells called the hair matrix.
cuticle
The cuticle is a layer of clear skin located along the bottom edge of your finger or toe. This area is known as the nail bed. The cuticle function is to protect new nails from bacteria when they grow out from the nail root. The area around the cuticle is delicate. It can get dry, damaged, and infected.
sensory
relating to sensation or the physical senses; transmitted or perceived by the senses.
thick skin
It consists of three main layers; the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Skin can either be thin or thick. The main difference is the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, which are the top two layers of skin.
thin skin
Thin skin covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It has a relatively thin epidermis and contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
keratin
Keratin is the type of protein that makes up your hair, skin, and nails. … Keratin is a protective protein, less prone to scratching or tearing than other types of cells your body produces. Keratin can be derived from the feathers, horns, and wool of different animals and used as an ingredient in hair cosmetics.
