Skeletal Structure Flashcards
2 parts of skeleton
Axial
Appendicular
5 parts of Axial skeleton
Skull inner ear ossicles hyoid chest (thoracic cage) vertebral column
primary purpose of axial skeleton
to protect body’s most vital organs
No of bones in axial skeleton
80
3 bones in inner ear ossicles
hammer, stirrup, anvil
How many times does Hyoid move in a lifetime
1 x girls - babies suckle/breathe same time until 3 month
2 x boys - puberty, voice drops
The skull forms what 2 structure?
Cranium
face
Skull bones are joined with -
sutures
What do sinuses do
lighten bones
immunity
linked to nose
resonate voice
What are the soft spots in a baby’s skull
fontanelles
purpose of fontanelles
head fits trough birth canal
when do fontanelles ossify
12-18 months old
what treatment recommend to all new babies
cranial sacral
dipping fontanelle can indicate
dehydration (unless normal)
bulging fontanelle indicates
meningitis
tumour
etc etc
Vertebral column split into 5 parts -
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx
How many cervical vertebrae
7
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
how many lumbar vertabrae
5
function of vertebral column
protects spinal cord
movement
supports skull
axis of trunk
What are C1 and C2 known as -
c1 - atlas
c2 axis with raised ‘dent’ for atlas to sit on
how many intervertebral discs in column
24
which part of vertebral column has no discs
sacrum
how to intervertebral discs change shape along spine?
progressively thicker at bottom
role of vertebral discs
shock absorbing
separating
stick spine together
composition of vertebral disc
no blood vessels
annulus fibrosis - outside
nucleus pulposus - middle
no of bones in thoracic cage & ribs
Sternum
12 pairs of ribs
Bottom part of sternum called
Xiphoid process
rib cartilage called
costal cartilage
no of bones appendicular skeleton
126
definition of appendicular skeleton
distal skeleton
appendages to major body parts
function of appendicular skeleton
movement
protects organs - digestion
reproduction
excretion
6 major areas of appendicular skeleton
shoulder girdle arm hand pelvic girdle leg foot
6 bone sections of arm top - bottom
humerus
ulna, radius
carpals, metacarpals
phalanges
shoulder girdle - 2 bones
clavicle, scapula
Why is scapula flat bone
attachment
pelvis 2 main parts
hip bones
sacrum
3 lots of hip bones
illiac crest,
iscium
pubic symphysis
What is longest/strongest bone in body/
Femur
leg bones top - bottom
Femur Tibia Fibula Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
Muscles two attachment points known as
origin and insertion
