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Skeletal System > quiz > Flashcards

quiz Flashcards

1
Q

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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2
Q

no of thoracic vertabrae

A

12

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3
Q

no of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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4
Q

Vertebrae that fuse to form sacrum

A

5

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5
Q

vertebrae that fuse to form coccyx

A

3-5

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6
Q

What does prone mean

A

lying face down

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7
Q

what does medial mean

A

nearer the midline

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8
Q

what does posterior mean

A

nearer the back

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9
Q

what does ipsilateral mean

A

on the same side

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10
Q

describe sagittal plane

A

divides body L-R

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11
Q

4 functions of skeleton

A 
framework for body
attachment for muscles/tendons
permits movements (joints)
forms boundaries (skull)
red bones marrow forms blood cells
reservior for minerals
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12
Q

What are the 4 components of an Osteon

A

Lamella
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Central canal

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13
Q

What is lamella

A

extracellular matrix containing minerals and collagen fibres. Gives bone strenth

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14
Q

what is lacunae

A

space between lamellae containing matures bone cells called osteocytes

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15
Q

what are canaliculi

A

network of little canals that provide a route for osteocytes to receive nutrients/remove waste

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16
Q

What does central canal contain

A

blood vessels

nerves

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17
Q

describe structure of spongy bone

A

irregular lattice of trabeculae

red bone marrow

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18
Q

what is name of cells that form new bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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19
Q

Which bones form by intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones of the skull and lower jaw

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20
Q

what is name of special place in a bone around which growth occurs?

A

epiphyseal plate

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21
Q

what does term appositional growth mean

A

bones increase in diameter and thickness

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22
Q

give 2 ways in which parathyroid hormone increase blood calcium levels

A

increases osteoclast activity
increases vit D
increases kidney retention of calcium

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23
Q

what is the job of calcitonin

A

decrease blood calcium when it is too high

inhibits osteoclasts and speeds up bones intake/deposition of calcium

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24
Q

name 5 parts of axial skeleton

A 
skull
inner ear ossicles
thoracic cage
hyoid bone
vertebral column
25
Q

Name 3 types of bone and give ex of each

A

Long - clavicle/humerus/radius/ulna/femur/tibia/fibula/metacarpals/metatarsals/phalanges
Short - carpals/tarsals
Irrecular - vertebrae/sacrum/
flat - skull, scapular, hip bone, sternum, ribs
sesamoid - patella

26
Q

What is the function of the fontaneles

A

allow baby’s head to move through birth canal

27
Q

What is special name for 1st vertebrae

A

atlas

28
Q

How many intervertebral discs are there

A

24

29
Q

What is the medical name for the bone in the upper arm

A

Humerus

30
Q

What is the medical name for the bigger bone in the lower leg?

A

Tibia

31
Q

Where would you find the sacroiliac joint?

A

between the pelvis and sacrum

32
Q

Where are the phalanges located?

A

Fingers and toes

33
Q

What does the term insertion mean

A

Point of insertion is the point of attachment to the bone the muscle moves

34
Q

What is suture and were would you find one?

A

fixed joint in skull

35
Q

Give an example of ball & socket joint

A

hip

shoulder

36
Q

Where would you find a pivot joint?

A

Radioulnar joint in the arm

37
Q

What is the main function of bursae

A

cushion movement of tissues against one another

38
Q

What is the term used to describe moving a body part in a circle?

A

Circumduction

39
Q

What does the term dorsiflexion mean

A

bending foot up

40
Q

What kind of structure appears white on an x ray

A

bones, tumours, lungs with pneumonia

41
Q

what does the term pathological fracture mean?

A

fracture because bone is weakened by disease

42
Q

why do women become more prone to Osteoporois after the menopause?

A

Reduction in Oestrogen - Oestrogen helps control osteoclast activity

43
Q

suggest 3 risk factors for Osteoporosis

A 
smoking
high alcohol consumption
poor diet
sedentary lifestyle
family history
long term steroid use
endocrine problems, i.e. inability to produce oestrogen
corticosteroid and some anti-epileptic use
44
Q

What is rickets

A

softening of bones due to failed mineralization in matrix

45
Q

Give 3 symptoms of hypercalcaemia

A 
muscle weakness
letharhgy
anorexia
nausea
polyuria
iregular heartbeat
46
Q

what is difference between sprain and strain

A

Sprain - trauma forcing joint beyond its normal range, stretching/tearing ligaments
strain is stretching/tearing muscle or tendon (pulled muscle)

47
Q

What is main cause of scoliosis

A

everyday imbalance (bag on 1 shoulder)

48
Q

What is cause of gradual joint swelling

A

irritated synovial capsule

49
Q

3 differences beween osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis that would allow you to tell the difference between the two conditions

A 
wear & tear V autoimmune
articular cartilage V synovial membrane
older people V 30-50
Non inflammatory V inflammatory
no additional symptoms V additional symptoms
50
Q

6 additional complications of R Arthritis

A 
Eye problems - pain in/dry eyes
subcutaneous nodules
Neurological complications
General malaise
Atlatoaxial sublaxation and compression of spinal cord
Kidney problems
51
Q

What is main presenting symptom of gout

A

joint becomes red, swollen, v painful and shiny

52
Q

suggest 2 conditions that may be underlying in a gout sufferer

A

Obesity
Alcohol abuse
Artherosclerosis
Hypertension (High BP)

53
Q

What is ankylosing spondilitis

A

chronic inflammation of spine and sacroiliac joints, often leading to spinal fusion (ankylosis) and reduced movement.

54
Q

give 2 possible complications associated with RA

A

n

55
Q

give 3 possible symptoms of impingement syndrome

A

nn

56
Q

4 key differences between skeletal & cardiac muscle

A

n

57
Q

name the two myofilaments found in skeletal muscle

A

actin

myosin

58
Q

difference between bone and muscle membranes

A

muscle - epimysium, perimysiem, endomysium

bone periOSteum, endOSTeum

Skeletal System (7 decks)

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