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FOM week 5 > skeletal,smooth & cardiac muscle > Flashcards

skeletal,smooth & cardiac muscle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main structural difference between skeletal & smooth muscle?

A

skeletal is striated , smooth is non-striated

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2
Q

where is smooth muscle located?

A

located in the lining of hollow organs, and blood vessels

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3
Q

where is skeletal muscle located & where is cardiac muscle located

A

skeletal= on the peripheral

cardiac= centrally (c for centrally in the word cardiac)

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4
Q

compare the nucleus number in skeletal muscle & in cardiac

A

skeletal- multinucleated

cardiac- single nuclear

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5
Q

how is skeletal muscle organised ?

A

bundles of muscles fibres encased in connective tissue sheaths

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6
Q

after skeletal muscle injury, what cells are used to replace the damaged cells?

A

satellite cells

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7
Q

do damaged skeletal muscle cells ever fully recover?

A

no
(satellite cells help replace damaged cells tho)

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8
Q

what is hypertrophy?

A

increase in muscle size due to fibre size increase

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9
Q

what is a sacromere

A

repeating unit(allows skeletal muscles to performs their function)

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10
Q

describe the filaments actin & myosin in terms of there thickness

A

myosin= thick filament

actin= thin filament

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11
Q

what are the 2 components of sacromere ?

A

actin & myosin filaments

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12
Q

what is the difference between the Z-line of a sacromere & the M-line of a sacromere ?

A

Z-line: proteins which holds actin filaments in position

M-line: holds myosin filaments in position

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13
Q

role of titan filaments in skeletal muscle

A

hold myosin filaments in the correct ALIGNMENT

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14
Q

in skeletal muscle, when ATP binds to myosin, what happens?

A

detaches the cross bridge formed between actin & myosin

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15
Q

in skeletal muscle, which 2 receprots are triggered that cause the release of Ca+ ?

A

DHP receptor first (small quantity released)

ryanodine receptor (larger quantity)

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16
Q

what is sarcoplasm?

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell (sarcolemma is the cell membrane of skeletal muscle)

17
Q

how is Ca+ taken back up by the sarcoplasmic retiuculum in skeletal muscle ?

A

calcium ATPase

18
Q

which molecule is vital for muscle relaxation?

A

ATP

19
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

it is a motor neuron & all the muscle fibres it innervates

20
Q

why are motor units scattered about muscle?

A

if one motor unit fails, the other can compensate

21
Q

what is the difference between force of muscle and load on muscle?

A

force built up within a muscle is tension of muscle

load = force exerted on a muscle

22
Q

if a muscle contracts and the muscle length remains the same, what is the term used to describe this?

A

isometric contractions

23
Q

if a muscle contracts and the muscle length shortens, what is the term used to describe this?

A

isotonic contractions

24
Q

difference between isometric and isotonic contractions and give examples of each

A

isometric = muscle contracts but muscle length stays the same e.g weightlifting

isotonic = muscle contracts but muscle length shortens e.g running

25
Q

if a muscle contracts and the muscle length icnreases, what is the term used to describe this

A

lenghthening

26
Q

which contraction , isometric or isotonic has a faster response time ?

A

isometric (length stays the same)

27
Q

what does the time of contraction depend on?

A

speed of release of Ca+

28
Q

what is the LATENT period in muscle contraction?

A

time before myosin-actin cross bridge forms (time before excitation-contraction )

29
Q

what is optimal length, in terms of muscle contraction?

A

muscle length for greatest isometric tension

30
Q

what are the causes of fatigue during high intensity exercise then causes of faitgue in low intesity exercise

A

high intensity= increase in things

low intensity= decrease in things (e.g decrease in glycogen)

31
Q

what makes a fast twitch muscle fast and a slow twitch muscle slow?

A

myosin has high ATPase activity

slow twitch- myosin has low ATPase activity

32
Q

what colour of fibre are oxidative fibres and glycolytic fibres and how big is their diameters

A

oxidative= red fibres with low diameter

glyoclytic fibres =white fibres with large diameter

33
Q

if a muscle is not used, what does this lead to?

A

disuse atrophy

34
Q

what does destruction of the nerve/NMJ lead to?

A

denervation atrophy

35
Q

what does exercise cause in terms of muscle mass?

A

hypertrophy

(increase muscle mass and increase fibre mass)

36
Q

in smooth muscles, what are the filaments attached to?

A

dense bodies

FOM week 5 (5 decks)

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