Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOM week 5 > anti mirco chemotherapy > Flashcards

anti mirco chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what do the terms ‘sensitive’ and ‘resistant’ in terms of micro-organisms and antibiotics

A

-if the organism is killed or inhibited by an antibiotic it is said to be sensitive

-if the organism is not killed or inhibited by the antibiotic it is said to be resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the difference between bactericidals & bacteriostatics

A

theyre antimicrobials that kill bacteria

bacteriostatics are antimicrobials that inhibit bacteria growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is meant by MBC in terms of bactericidals

A

minimum bactericidal concentration required to kill bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is MIC in terms of bacteriostatic

A

minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit bacteria growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name & describe 3 ways in which antibiotics may be delivered

A

topical - applied to surface i.e skin

systemic -taken orally

parenteral - via intra-venously or intra-musculary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name 3 groups of bactericidal antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

-penicillian
-cephalosporin
-glycopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name 2 antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis in the glycopeptide group

A

2 types of glycopeptides antibiotics are

-vancomycin
-telcoplanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name the general group penicillins and cephalosporins fall into

A

beta-lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

out of the glycopeptides vancomycin and telcoplanin state their toxicity levels

A

vancomycin ; toxic

telcoplanin; less toxic than V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what kind of bacteria is inhibition of cell wall synthesis effective against (-ve or +ve)

A

effective against gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 5 groups of antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis

A

-aminoglycosides

-macrolides

-tetracyclins

-oxaz…

cyclic lipopeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give an example of aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give an example of macrolides

A

erythromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give an example of Oxazolidinones

A

linezolid (treats MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give an example of cyclic lipopeptides

A

daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what anti-viral drug is used to treat Herpes & shingles

A

Aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

list 3 drugs that can be used to treat hepatitis B and C

A

interforn-alpha
ribavirin
Adefovir dipivoxil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is beta-lactamase

A

an enzyme that inactivates penicllin and cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

state the 2 types of bacteria that produce beta-lactamase

A

staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name 2 antibiotics which are resistant/inhibit beta-lactamase and therefore can be used to treat patients

A

fluclo..

co-amox…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are aminoglycosides, macrolides , tetra cyclins, oxaz and cyclic lipopeptides bactercidial or bacterstatic (antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis)

A

aminoglycosides are bactericidal

macrolides are both bactericidal and bacteriostatic

tetracylins are bacteriostatic

oxaz are both

cyclic lipopeptides are bactericidal

21
Q

what 2 groups of antibiotics are associated with allergic reactions

A

penicillin
cephalosporin

22
Q

identify 3 antibiotics that are safe to use during pregnancy

A

penicillian
cephalosporin
urinary one…

23
Q

state whether the antibiotics that work by inhibiting protein synthesis work best on gram negative or gram positive bacteria

A

aminoglycosides -gram negative

macrolides-gram positive

tetracylins-gram positive

oxaz-gram positive

cyclic lipopepties -gram positive

24
Q

name the two bacteriostatic anitbiotics which combine to form a bactericidal used to inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acid

A

trimethoprim & sulphamexo combine to form co-trimox

25
Q

essentially name the 2 antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid/DNA synthesis

A

co-trim and flueroquinolones

26
Q

give an example of flueroquinolones (antibiotic for nucleic acid synthesis) and how it is administered

A

ciprofloxacin

administered orally and parenterally

27
Q

what is inherent/intrinsic antibiotic resistance

A

all strains of bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics

28
Q

what are streptococci and gram negative always resistant to?

A

streptococci always resistant to aminoglycoside

gram negative organisms always resistant to vancomycin

29
Q

name the type of bacteria that are resistant to vamcomycin

A

VRE - vancomycin resistant enterocancocci

30
Q

candida albicans is a type of yeast that causes what to the mouth and vagina

A

causes thrust

31
Q

name a yeast that may become overgrown in the body when using penicillian or cephalosporin

A

candida albicans

32
Q

what is the name of the approach used to treat an infection which has an unknown organism causing it

A

empirical antimicrobial therapy

33
Q

what is the distincitive structural feature of beta lactam

A

beta lactam ring

34
Q

what type of bacteria is glycopeptides, cephalosporins & peniciilan(beta lactam) effective against

A

gram positive

35
Q

describe how beta lactam & how glycopeptides work

A

beta lactam - binds to penicllin binding protein (PBP)

glycopeptides - prevent PBP binding to peptidoglycan which causes bacteria to die

35
Q

what is the difference in ribosome structure in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic - 80s ribosome

prokaryotic - 70s ribosome

36
Q

how does aminoglycopeptides work

A

cause a misread in RNA synthesis, inhibiting protein synthesis

37
Q

what are the 3 different areas that antibiotics target on bacteria?

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis
inhibition of protein synthesis
inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

38
Q

what antibiotic is used to inhibit purine synthesis?

A

co - trimox formed from the combination of of trimethoprim and sulphamexo…

39
Q

what is aminoglycosides always resistant to ?

A

streptococci

40
Q

state 2 ways in which antibiotic resistance is acquired by bacteria

A

-spontaneous mutation

-spread of resistance

41
Q

2 ways in which DNA is transferred in bacteria

A

-transposons
-plasmids

42
Q

what is produced by bacteria to breakdown beta-lactams?

A

beta-lactamase

43
Q

how does MRSA mutate to avoid action of beta-lactams?

A

mutate PBP so beta-lactam cant bind

44
Q

what are the 2 newer antibiotics which can be used against/treat MRSA?

A

daptomycin and linezolid

45
Q

what test is used to find the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic?

A

E-test

46
Q

what are the common antibiotics used to treat UTI?

A

trimethoprim

co-trimox

47
Q

give 2 examples of fluroquinolones

A

FLOXACIN

-levofloxacin
-ciprofloxacin

48
Q

what is an E-test used for

A

finds the minimum inhibotory conc for anantibiotic

FOM week 5 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions