gram positive Flashcards
give an example of gram positive cluster and chain cocci
chains - streptococci
clusters - staphylococci
what are the 3 types of gram +ve cocci?
state if theyre aeorbic or anaeorobic
staphylococci - aeorbic and clusters
streptococci- aerobic and chains
enterococci- aeorbic but non-haemolytic
what are the two subtypes of streptococci?
alpha haemolytic and beta haemolytic
what culture is used to distinguish between alpha-haemolytic and beta-haemolytic ?
blood agar is used
what colour does alpha and beta haemolytic turn once in agar?
alpha- goes green
beta - goes clear
give an example of alpha-haemolytic & what it causes
streptococci pneumoniae causes miningitis or pneumonia
what are beta-haemolytic further dived into?
divided according to its carbohydrate
further dived into groups A-G
which groups in beta-haemolytic are the most clinically significant
A,B and D
Name a Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci and what it causes
streptococcus pyogenes
causes sore throat and cellulitis.
what is special about group D beta-haemolytic streptococci and what are they known as ?
theyre are non-haemolytic known as enterococci
state the main types of enterococci
entrococcus faecalis and entrococcus faecium
what are the subtypes for staphylococci
coagulase positive and coagulase negative
What is the main couagulase positive stahpylococci?
staphylococcus aureus
it is a major human pathogen
what is staphylococci aureus divided into?
MRSA( methicillian resistant) or MSSA (meth sensitive )
why is staphylococci aureus resistant to penicillian?
beta-lactamase causes penicillian resistance
where does staphylococcus aureus live /commense ?
in our nose, throat
where is coagulase negative staphylococcus ?
in the skin
name 3 types of anaorobic gram positive bacilli
clostridrium difficile
clostridium perfringens
clostridium tetani
give example of the clinically significant gram positive bacilli
clostridium difficile
can clostridium difficile be cultured ?
yes but it is very difficult to do so
What does clostridium difficile infection cause?
diarrhoea
How is a clostridium difficile infection detected?
in stool sample
are clostridium difficile , perfringens and tetani aerobic or anerobic ?
anaeorboic bacalli
how does clostridum difficile spread?
via the air and mainly in hospitals
