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BPK 142 > Skeletal muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is myology

A

Study of muscle

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2
Q

Muscle cells (fibres) properties

A

Contractility
Tension

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3
Q

what are the three types of muscle

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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4
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-Attaches to and moves skeleton
-striated (striped) pattern
-under VOLUNTARY control

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5
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Found in walls of hollow organs
Smooth appearance
Under INVOLUNTARY control

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Has characteristics of both smooth and skeletal muscle

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

Like skeletal muscle- striations
Like smooth muscle- involuntary control

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8
Q

What is syncytium

A

A large cell-like structure formed by the joining together of two or more cells

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9
Q

What are the three actions that work together

A

Prime mover
Antagonist
Fixators/stabilizers

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10
Q

What is the origin

A

less moveable end of the muscle, usually proximal

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11
Q

What is an insertion of a muscle

A

More moveable end of a muscle, usually distal

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12
Q

what is the belly of a muscle

A

Widest portion of a muscle between origin and insertion

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13
Q

Do all muscles insert on bone?

A

No, most of the muscles that control facial expression originate from bone and insert in the skin

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14
Q

what is epimysium?

A

The epimysium is a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. -protects the muscle from friction and helps maintain its shape by connecting it to tendons and bones.

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15
Q

What is perimysium

A

The perimysium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds and groups muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles. It provides support and carries blood vessels and nerves to the muscle fibers within each fascicle.

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16
Q

What is endomysium

A

The endomysium is a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.

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17
Q

Are tendons or muscles stronger?

A

Tendons

18
Q

What is a muscle cell called

A

Muscle fiber

19
Q

What is found within each muscle fibre

A

many myofibrils

20
Q

What do myofibrils consist of?

A

Each myofibril consists of a large array of contractile proteins arranged repeatedly in series.

21
Q

What is each repeated array of contractile proteins in a myofibril called?

A

sarcomere

22
Q

The two major contractile
proteins of the sarcomere are:

A

actin (thin) filament
myosin (thick) filament

23
Q

What happens during muscle contraction according to the sliding filament theory?

A

When a muscle is activated, myosin attaches to actin and, using ATP, pulls the actin to slide over myosin. This shortens the sarcomere and causes muscle contraction.

24
Q

How does blood supply differ between a sedentary person and a person who trains

A

sedentary- 3-4 capillaries surrounding each muscle fibres
Trained- up to 7 capillaries

25
Q

what is occlusion

A

Occlusion is the blockage or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ. It can restrict blood flow or obstruct passage through a body part.

26
Q

at what % does occlusion happen

A

occlusion happens at 15-20% of max , complete occlusion happens at 50% of max force

27
Q

activation of a muscle fibre can produce:

A

Max force and max velocity

28
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A motor unit is the functional unit of a muscle.

29
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A

A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

30
Q

Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located?

A

spinal chord

31
Q

How far can a motor neuron’s axon extend?

A

The axon can extend from the spinal cord to a muscle that may be a few millimeters to a few feet away.

32
Q

What are the two motor units based on contraction speed

A

fast twitch
slow twitch

33
Q

what is slow twitch also called

A

Slow twitch oxidative (SO) or Type I

34
Q

What is the fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic motor unit also called?

A

Fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) or Type IIa.

35
Q

What is the fast twitch glycolytic motor unit also called?

A

Fast twitch glycolytic (FG) or Type IIx.

36
Q

what is passive tension

A

Passive tension is the force generated in a muscle when it is stretched without any active contraction.

37
Q

positive velocity, shortening muscle

A

concentric contraction

38
Q

velocity is negative, muscle lengthening

A

eccentric contraction

39
Q

velocity is 0, no change in muscle length

A

Isometric contraction

40
Q

scaropenia is caused by (5):

A

Neural apoptosis (cell death)
imbalance of muscle protein synth/degradation
Physical inactivity
hormonal imbalance
food intake- insufficient protein

41
Q

sarcopenia enhances: (4)

A

-loss of physical function
-risk of disability
-more dependancy towards others
-medical care costs

42
Q

prevention of sarcopenia

A

strength training, hormone therapy, diet, reduction in sedentary time

BPK 142 (7 decks)

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