Osteology Flashcards
What is osteology
The study of bones
How many bones in the axial skeleton
80
How many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
How many of each vertebrae
7 cervical
12 thoratic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
which vertebrae are fused
Sacral
coccygeal
describe the three abnormal curves
Scoliosis- lateral curvature
Kyphosis- hump back, posterior thoracic curve
Lordosis- Sway back, anterior lumbar curve
Functions of skeleton
FRAMEWORK: supports
ATTACHMENT POINT for muscle
PROTECTS important organs
STORES calcium and phosphorus
RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELL FORMATION and platelets in red bone marrow
Epiphysis
end of long bone, covered with articular cartilage
Diaphysis
shaft of long bone, made out of compact bone and a central cavity
Articular cartilage
smooth and slippery region of epiphysis where bone and synovial fluids make contact at cartigilous ends
Periosteum
Fibrous sheath covering bone, doesn’t cover articular cartilage
Spongey bone (red marrow)
consists of masses of developing red/white blood cells supported by an array of fine fibres
Compact bone
ivory like bone found in diaphysis
Medullary cavity
found in diaphysis, after childhood cavity contains fat instead of blood cell production
Nutrient artery
blood vessel that branches within the medullary cavity to supply the sponge after growth plate closure
Epiphyseal/growth plate
Where growth of bone happens
Layer of cartilage replaced by bone gradually
Classification
Long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone
sesamoid bone
Long bone
Longer than it is wide, ex. femur, humerus, radius, ulna etc
Short bone
Wider than it is long, ex. carpals and tarsals
Sesamoid bone
bone embedded in tendon, ex. patella
Irregular bone
doesn’t fit into a category, vertebrae are irregular
flat bone
Bone is flat and broad ex, skull and face muscles, ribs, sternum, allium
Process
outgrowth of tissue from a larger body, usually a bone, that serves as a point of attachment for muscles, tendons, or ligaments, or helps form joints.
Head
prominent, rounded, proximal end of a bone
neck
area between head and body of bone
Facet
flat surface like vertebrae
Fossa
flattened or shallow surface
Tuberosity
a large roughened process
tubercle
small rounded process
condyle
rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone that forms part of a joint, allowing for smooth movement and articulation with another bone.
Epicondyle
projection that’s above the condyle
Foramen
a hole that allows passing of nerves and shi
Trochanter
massive process found only on the femur
