Osteology

Question 1

What is osteology

Answer 1

The study of bones

Question 2

How many bones in the axial skeleton

Answer 2

80

Question 3

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

126

Question 4

How many of each vertebrae

Answer 4

7 cervical
12 thoratic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

Question 5

which vertebrae are fused

Answer 5

Sacral
coccygeal

Question 6

describe the three abnormal curves

Answer 6

Scoliosis- lateral curvature
Kyphosis- hump back, posterior thoracic curve
Lordosis- Sway back, anterior lumbar curve

Question 7

Functions of skeleton

Answer 7

FRAMEWORK: supports
ATTACHMENT POINT for muscle
PROTECTS important organs
STORES calcium and phosphorus
RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELL FORMATION and platelets in red bone marrow

Question 8

Epiphysis

Answer 8

end of long bone, covered with articular cartilage

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft of long bone, made out of compact bone and a central cavity

Question 10

Articular cartilage

Answer 10

smooth and slippery region of epiphysis where bone and synovial fluids make contact at cartigilous ends

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

Fibrous sheath covering bone, doesn’t cover articular cartilage

Question 12

Spongey bone (red marrow)

Answer 12

consists of masses of developing red/white blood cells supported by an array of fine fibres

Question 13

Compact bone

Answer 13

ivory like bone found in diaphysis

Question 14

Medullary cavity

Answer 14

found in diaphysis, after childhood cavity contains fat instead of blood cell production

Question 15

Nutrient artery

Answer 15

blood vessel that branches within the medullary cavity to supply the sponge after growth plate closure

Question 16

Epiphyseal/growth plate

Answer 16

Where growth of bone happens
Layer of cartilage replaced by bone gradually

Question 17

Classification

Answer 17

Long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone
sesamoid bone

Question 18

Long bone

Answer 18

Longer than it is wide, ex. femur, humerus, radius, ulna etc

Question 19

Short bone

Answer 19

Wider than it is long, ex. carpals and tarsals

Question 20

Sesamoid bone

Answer 20

bone embedded in tendon, ex. patella

Question 21

Irregular bone

Answer 21

doesn’t fit into a category, vertebrae are irregular

Question 22

flat bone

Answer 22

Bone is flat and broad ex, skull and face muscles, ribs, sternum, allium

Question 23

Process

Answer 23

outgrowth of tissue from a larger body, usually a bone, that serves as a point of attachment for muscles, tendons, or ligaments, or helps form joints.

Question 24

Head

Answer 24

prominent, rounded, proximal end of a bone

Question 25

neck

Answer 25

area between head and body of bone

Question 26

Facet

Answer 26

flat surface like vertebrae

Question 27

Fossa

Answer 27

flattened or shallow surface

Question 28

Tuberosity

Answer 28

a large roughened process

Question 29

tubercle

Answer 29

small rounded process

Question 30

condyle

Answer 30

rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone that forms part of a joint, allowing for smooth movement and articulation with another bone.

Question 31

Epicondyle

Answer 31

projection that’s above the condyle

Question 32

Foramen

Answer 32

a hole that allows passing of nerves and shi

Question 33

Trochanter

Answer 33

massive process found only on the femur