Skeletal modelling Flashcards

1
Q

When does osteogenesis occur during pregnancy?

A

Week 5

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2
Q

describe osteogenesis

A

Hyaline cartilage, prechondrium becomes periosteum. Then bone modelling occurs in response to dynamic strain

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3
Q

Wolff law

A

forms follows function: skeletal architecture adopts to its history of mechanical usage. static stress ( splint) does not cause bone transformation

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4
Q

does dynamic stress cause bone transformation? give an example.

A

yes. long bones are thickest at mid shaft. curve bones are thickest at where they are most llikely to buckle. large bony attachments from wheere heavily active mm’s attach
internal structure of bones hollowed out compare to edges

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5
Q

Endochondral ossificaiton

A

ossification chases cartilage formation?

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6
Q

what is metaphysis

A

Transition zone where it is going from cartilage to bone

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7
Q

what is epiphysis

A

the epiphysis is a hyaline cartilage and it forms and has the same rate of ossification

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8
Q

describe the tension force modeling effect

A

an increase in distance between 2 points, drawing 2 sites away from the centre
E.g tendon and ligaments
creaates raises ridges such as trachanter and tuberosities

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9
Q

Describe the compression modelling effect?

A

-reduction between the distance between the end of an object
it will lead to an inc in bone diameter
needs to obe dynamic and increase the bone growth at the site of appilication . E.g weight bearing and GRF.

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10
Q

describe the Flexure force modeling effect?

A

Requires 3 points of pressure. Forced applied to the end of already curved bones. The results are further curving. E.g. wb on an already bowed or highly cartilagineous

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11
Q

Describe the shear-torsion force

A

forces applied in the opposite direction
Results in torsion of the axis of long bones with both ends rotating in the opposite direction to each other

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12
Q

Characteristics of young bone

A

-articular cartilage is thicker and can remodel
-vulnerable growth plate
-apophyses is a vulerable site-avulsion
Metaphysis= elastic (bend rather than break)

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13
Q

where fracture is likely to occur in young children

A

metaphyseal, physeal and avulsion, Growth plate, distal tibial epiphysis, 1st year, anything cause growth disturbance and rapid growth

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14
Q

what is salter harris classification?

A

Type 1: physis fracture
Type 2: metaphysis and physis fracture
Type 3: epiphysis and physis fracture
Type 4: Epiphysis to metaphysis fracture
Type 5: Crush fracture

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15
Q

Fibrous tissue types

A

3 types of fibrous tissue
1- Fascial sheets
2-ligmanets or tendons
3- Loose 3D network

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16
Q

Fibrous tissue modelling

A

growth occurs at ends, type 1 collagen, growth via modeling effect is not clear

17
Q

what are the factors that contribute to size of skeletal muscle?

A

Sarcomere number, length, cross-sectional width,and muscle movement fascicle organization

18
Q

muscle component development during gestation?

A
  • Type 1 fibers present during gestation
    -Type 1 and 2 present at the end of gestation
    20 percent less sarcomeres
    musculotendinous junction
    history of use
19
Q

PB- What is R1 and R2

A

idk

20
Q

Describe muscle movement?

A

resting posture influences mm
all muscle movement operate in force couples. force couple balance maintains kinesiology correct joint alignment and longevity

21
Q

muscle movement imbalances consequences?

A

it might be due to CNS dysfunction
pathological resting posture
inappropriate distribution of COM over the feet