Skeletal/Joints Flashcards
Abduction
Moving away from midline
Adduction
Moving toward midline
Amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable joint
Angular Movements
- Flexion: decrease of angle
- Extension: increase of angle
- Dorsiflexion: pulling toes up
- Plantar Flexion: curling toes under
- Abduction: movement away from midline
- Adduction: movement towards midline
- Circumduction: circular motion
Appositional Growth
Layer of new cartilage is added to old layer. Adds to width of cartilage
Articular Cartilage
Cartilage that covers ends of long bones
Atlas
First cervical vertebrae that allows “yes” motion
Axial Skeleton
- Skull
- Auditory ossicles (in temporal bone: hearing)
- Hyoid bone
- Vertebral column
- Rib cage
Axis
Second cervical vertebrae that allows “no” motion
Ball and Socket Joint
Spherical head of one bone connects with cuplike socket of another
- very free moving
- shoulder and hip bones
Blood Forming Tissues
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Bony Matrix
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Bursae
- Extensions of synovial joints that protect skin, tendons, or bone from structures that could rub against them
- Sac between joints that reduce friction
- Lined with synovial membranes and filled synovial fluid
Bursitis
- Inflammation of the bursa caused by a blow or friction
- symptoms: pain and swelling
- treated with anti-inflammatory drugs
Calcaneus
- a.k.a. heel bone
- largest and strongest bone of foot
- major muscle attachment site
Canaliculi
- Hair-like canals that connect lacunae (small cavities that contain bone cells) to each other and the central canal
- Passageway for nerves, blood vessels, diffusion of nutrients and waste products
Carpals
- eight bones of the wrist
- allows movement of wrist
Cartilaginous
- Articulating bones united by cartilage
- lack a joint cavity
- two types: synchondroses, symphyses
Cervical Vertebrae
Top seven vertebrae
Chondrocytes
- Located in lacunae and surrounded by matrix
- They are chondroblasts that have produced cartilage
Circumduction
- Circular motion
- Uses flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Clavicle
- Part of Appendicular Skeleton
- Holds the shoulder away from the body and allows arms to move freely
- long bone
Comminuted fracture
Bone fragments into three or more pieces
-common in old people
Compact Bones
-Dense with few spaces
Compound Fracture
- a.k.a. open fracture
- bone ends penetrate skin
Concentric Growth
!!
Condyloid Joint
- Oval surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression of another bone
- both articular surfaces are oval in shape
- allows all angular motions
- carpals
Cribriform Plate
- Part of the ethmoid bone
- Looks like sponge (filled with holes)
- rich in blood
- where olfactory nerves go through
Crista Galli
- Part of ethmoid bone
- where meninges attach
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
Diploe
spongy internal bone structure
Dorsiflexion
Angular movement of pulling toes upward
Endochondral Ossification
bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
Endosteum
- Delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
- Made of simple squamous epithelial tissue
- Allows things to move over it and growth especially in the width of bones
Epiphyseal Line
Seperates the diaphysis from the epiphyses
Epiphyseal Plate
thin plate of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of a growing long bone
Epiphysis
End of long bones
Ethmoid Bone and Parts
- Forms part of nasal and cranial cavity, attachment site for meninges, passageway for nerves and blood vessels
- Superior Nasal Concha
- Middle Nasal Concha
- Crista Galli
- Cribiform Plate
- Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
Eversion
Special movement where the ankle is bent so the sole of your foot is facing outward
Extension
Reverse of flexion where joint angle is increased
Facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
-great site for bone attachment
Femur
- long bone
- thigh; largest and most vascular bone in body
- weight bearing
- lever
Fibrocartilage
- Highly compressed with great tensile strength
- Contains collagen fibers
- Found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral disc
Fibrous Capsule
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Fibrous Joints
- Bones joined by fibrous tissue
- no joint cavity
- most are immovable
- three types: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
Fibula
- long bone
- only bone you can break and still walk
- helps stabilize ankle, non-weight bearing
Fissure
Narrow, slit-like opening (looks like a crack)
Flat Bones
- Thin, flattened, and a bit curved
- Sternum and skull bones
- Protection and muscle attachment
Flexion
Decreasing angle of joint
Fontanels
!!
Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone for blood vessels, nerves, etc.
Foramen Magnum
Hole in Occipital bone for spinal cord
Foramina
!!
Frontal bone and parts
- Forehead
- Supercilliary ridge, supraorbital foramen, glabella, supraorbital margin, orbital plate, nasal spine
Function of bones
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Blood Cell Formation
Gliding motion
-One flat bone surface glides over another similar surface
Gomphoses
The peg in socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveolar socket
- mandible and maxilla
- fibrous connection is the peridontal ligament
Gouty Arthritis
- Deposition of uric acid (break down of protein) crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by an inflammation response
- affects at base of big toe and if untreated the toes can fuse together
Greenstick fracture
Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends
-common in children
Haversian Canal
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Hematoporesis
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Hinge Joint
- Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another motion is along a single plane
- allows flexion and extension only
- elbow
Hyaline Cartilage
- Origin for most of cartilage in body
- made of mainly white protein called collagen
- provides support, flexibilty, and resilience
- most abundant cartilage
- present in: articular, costal, respiratory, nasal
Hydroxyapatite
- a.k.a. mineral salts
- 65% of bone mass
- mainly calcium phosphates
- responsible for bone hardness and its resistance to compression
- inorganic compound of bones
Hyoid Bone
- beneath tongue above larnyx
- u shaped bone
- suspended bone (doesnt connect with any other bone)
- break it you die
- attaches to tongue and larynx, holds open airway
Hyperextension
!!
Inferior Nasal Concha
- lateral walls of nasal cavity
- flat, curved w/ ridges
- lighten load, warm and humidify and filters air
Intervertebral Discs
- made of fibril cartilage
- cushion/shock absorber
- allows bend/movement
Inversion
Special movement where you turn your foot so the sole of the foot is facing in
Irregular Bones
- Bones with complicated shapes
- vertebrae and hip bones
Lacrimal bones and parts
- Very, thin rectangular shaped flat bone in the orbital cavity
- lacrimal sacs, nasal lacrimal ducts
Lamboid Suture Line
Fusion of parietal and occipital
Lamellar Tissue
!!
Lateral Exercusion
!!
Ligaments
Unite bones and prevent excessive or unwanted motion
Long bones
- Longer than they are wide
- Act as levers
Lumbar Vertebrae
- L1-L5
- located in small of back
- protect end of spinal cord that ends at L3
- weight bearing and form pelvic cavity
Mandible and parts
- Lower jaw, horse-shoe shaped, largest bone in skull
- Forms lower jaw, muscle attachment, passageway for nerves and blood vessels
- Alveolar processes of mandible, mental foramen, ramus, body of the mandible, coronoid process of the mandible, mandibular condile of the mandible, mandibular notch
