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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal/Joints > Flashcards

Skeletal/Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from midline

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward midline

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3
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable joint

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4
Q

Angular Movements

A
  • Flexion: decrease of angle
  • Extension: increase of angle
  • Dorsiflexion: pulling toes up
  • Plantar Flexion: curling toes under
  • Abduction: movement away from midline
  • Adduction: movement towards midline
  • Circumduction: circular motion
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5
Q

Appositional Growth

A

Layer of new cartilage is added to old layer. Adds to width of cartilage

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6
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage that covers ends of long bones

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7
Q

Atlas

A

First cervical vertebrae that allows “yes” motion

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8
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • Skull
  • Auditory ossicles (in temporal bone: hearing)
  • Hyoid bone
  • Vertebral column
  • Rib cage
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9
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebrae that allows “no” motion

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10
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

Spherical head of one bone connects with cuplike socket of another

  • very free moving
  • shoulder and hip bones
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11
Q

Blood Forming Tissues

A

!!

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12
Q

Bony Matrix

A

!!

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13
Q

Bursae

A
  • Extensions of synovial joints that protect skin, tendons, or bone from structures that could rub against them
  • Sac between joints that reduce friction
  • Lined with synovial membranes and filled synovial fluid
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14
Q

Bursitis

A
  • Inflammation of the bursa caused by a blow or friction
  • symptoms: pain and swelling
  • treated with anti-inflammatory drugs
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15
Q

Calcaneus

A
  • a.k.a. heel bone
  • largest and strongest bone of foot
  • major muscle attachment site
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16
Q

Canaliculi

A
  • Hair-like canals that connect lacunae (small cavities that contain bone cells) to each other and the central canal
  • Passageway for nerves, blood vessels, diffusion of nutrients and waste products
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17
Q

Carpals

A
  • eight bones of the wrist

- allows movement of wrist

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18
Q

Cartilaginous

A
  • Articulating bones united by cartilage
  • lack a joint cavity
  • two types: synchondroses, symphyses
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19
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

Top seven vertebrae

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20
Q

Chondrocytes

A
  • Located in lacunae and surrounded by matrix

- They are chondroblasts that have produced cartilage

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21
Q

Circumduction

A
  • Circular motion

- Uses flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

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22
Q

Clavicle

A
  • Part of Appendicular Skeleton
  • Holds the shoulder away from the body and allows arms to move freely
  • long bone
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23
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone fragments into three or more pieces

-common in old people

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24
Q

Compact Bones

A

-Dense with few spaces

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25
Q

Compound Fracture

A
  • a.k.a. open fracture

- bone ends penetrate skin

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26
Q

Concentric Growth

A

!!

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27
Q

Condyloid Joint

A
  • Oval surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression of another bone
  • both articular surfaces are oval in shape
  • allows all angular motions
  • carpals
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28
Q

Cribriform Plate

A
  • Part of the ethmoid bone
  • Looks like sponge (filled with holes)
  • rich in blood
  • where olfactory nerves go through
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29
Q

Crista Galli

A
  • Part of ethmoid bone

- where meninges attach

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30
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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31
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint

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32
Q

Diploe

A

spongy internal bone structure

33
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Angular movement of pulling toes upward

34
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

35
Q

Endosteum

A
  • Delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
  • Made of simple squamous epithelial tissue
  • Allows things to move over it and growth especially in the width of bones
36
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

Seperates the diaphysis from the epiphyses

37
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

thin plate of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of a growing long bone

38
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of long bones

39
Q

Ethmoid Bone and Parts

A
  • Forms part of nasal and cranial cavity, attachment site for meninges, passageway for nerves and blood vessels
  • Superior Nasal Concha
  • Middle Nasal Concha
  • Crista Galli
  • Cribiform Plate
  • Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
40
Q

Eversion

A

Special movement where the ankle is bent so the sole of your foot is facing outward

41
Q

Extension

A

Reverse of flexion where joint angle is increased

42
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

-great site for bone attachment

43
Q

Femur

A
  • long bone
  • thigh; largest and most vascular bone in body
  • weight bearing
  • lever
44
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Highly compressed with great tensile strength
  • Contains collagen fibers
  • Found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral disc
45
Q

Fibrous Capsule

A

!!

46
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • Bones joined by fibrous tissue
  • no joint cavity
  • most are immovable
  • three types: sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
47
Q

Fibula

A
  • long bone
  • only bone you can break and still walk
  • helps stabilize ankle, non-weight bearing
48
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slit-like opening (looks like a crack)

49
Q

Flat Bones

A
  • Thin, flattened, and a bit curved
  • Sternum and skull bones
  • Protection and muscle attachment
50
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing angle of joint

51
Q

Fontanels

A

!!

52
Q

Foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone for blood vessels, nerves, etc.

53
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Hole in Occipital bone for spinal cord

54
Q

Foramina

A

!!

55
Q

Frontal bone and parts

A
  • Forehead

- Supercilliary ridge, supraorbital foramen, glabella, supraorbital margin, orbital plate, nasal spine

56
Q

Function of bones

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Blood Cell Formation
57
Q

Gliding motion

A

-One flat bone surface glides over another similar surface

58
Q

Gomphoses

A

The peg in socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveolar socket

  • mandible and maxilla
  • fibrous connection is the peridontal ligament
59
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A
  • Deposition of uric acid (break down of protein) crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by an inflammation response
  • affects at base of big toe and if untreated the toes can fuse together
60
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends
-common in children

61
Q

Haversian Canal

A

!!

62
Q

Hematoporesis

A

!!

63
Q

Hinge Joint

A
  • Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another motion is along a single plane
  • allows flexion and extension only
  • elbow
64
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Origin for most of cartilage in body
  • made of mainly white protein called collagen
  • provides support, flexibilty, and resilience
  • most abundant cartilage
  • present in: articular, costal, respiratory, nasal
65
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A
  • a.k.a. mineral salts
  • 65% of bone mass
  • mainly calcium phosphates
  • responsible for bone hardness and its resistance to compression
  • inorganic compound of bones
66
Q

Hyoid Bone

A
  • beneath tongue above larnyx
  • u shaped bone
  • suspended bone (doesnt connect with any other bone)
  • break it you die
  • attaches to tongue and larynx, holds open airway
67
Q

Hyperextension

A

!!

68
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A
  • lateral walls of nasal cavity
  • flat, curved w/ ridges
  • lighten load, warm and humidify and filters air
69
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A
  • made of fibril cartilage
  • cushion/shock absorber
  • allows bend/movement
70
Q

Inversion

A

Special movement where you turn your foot so the sole of the foot is facing in

71
Q

Irregular Bones

A
  • Bones with complicated shapes

- vertebrae and hip bones

72
Q

Lacrimal bones and parts

A
  • Very, thin rectangular shaped flat bone in the orbital cavity
  • lacrimal sacs, nasal lacrimal ducts
73
Q

Lamboid Suture Line

A

Fusion of parietal and occipital

74
Q

Lamellar Tissue

A

!!

75
Q

Lateral Exercusion

A

!!

76
Q

Ligaments

A

Unite bones and prevent excessive or unwanted motion

77
Q

Long bones

A
  • Longer than they are wide

- Act as levers

78
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • L1-L5
  • located in small of back
  • protect end of spinal cord that ends at L3
  • weight bearing and form pelvic cavity
79
Q

Mandible and parts

A
  • Lower jaw, horse-shoe shaped, largest bone in skull
  • Forms lower jaw, muscle attachment, passageway for nerves and blood vessels
  • Alveolar processes of mandible, mental foramen, ramus, body of the mandible, coronoid process of the mandible, mandibular condile of the mandible, mandibular notch

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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