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Skeletal joints Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation /arthrosis

A

A joint, a point of contact between bones and cartilage

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2
Q

Gomphosis

A

Root of a tooth in its socket

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3
Q

Arthrology

A

The study of joints

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4
Q

3 classifications of Joints

A
  1. Fibrous Joints (no movement)
  2. Cartilaginous Joints (bones held together by cartilage)
  3. Synovial Joints (bones separated by lubricated joint cavity/ major movement)
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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Joints with no movement (skull/teeth)
Located in skull / teeth

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6
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones held together by cartilage, limited movement
Located in spine, ribs, pubis

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7
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Bones separated by lubricated joint cavity/ major movement (hip, knee, fingers)
Located in shoulder, elbow, knee

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8
Q

Structure of Synovial Joint

A

Bones, cartilage, synovial fluid and layer of ligament

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9
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone

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10
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscle to bone

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11
Q

Bursae

A

Synovial fluid filled sacks that provide padding between tissues of the body

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Serves as a “shock absorber” that covers the ends of bones where they join to form synovial joints

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13
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Head (turn) Forearms (twist) Rotation at base of skull & elbow

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14
Q

Condyloid Joint/Ellipsoidal

A

Elbow, Wrist, Carpals flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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15
Q

Ball & Socket Joints

A

Shoulder & hip joints

8 shoulder joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abduction, and horizontal adduction)

6 hip joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) that combine to move the leg

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16
Q

Gliding/Planar Joint

A

Bones that slide across each other
Found in Ankles, Wrists & Spine

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17
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Knee, Elbow, fingers (knuckles), toes and ankles Flexion/extension

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18
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Shoulder, Thumb and Inner Ear
Flexion, extension, abduction, Adduction

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19
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. Hinge / knees, elbows & fingers
  2. Ball & socket -shoulder & hip
  3. Saddle -thumb, shoulder
  4. Condylar / Episodically -knuckles
  5. Pivot / head & fore arm (turn/twist)
  6. Gliding/Planar - ankles, wrist, spine, acromion-clavicle joint
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20
Q

LCL

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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21
Q

MCL

A

Medial collateral ligament

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22
Q

ACL

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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23
Q

PCL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

24
Q

Flexion

A

shorten /decrease joint angle

Knee flexion is a movement that decreases angle between thigh and shin (curling heel to glutes).
Knee extension is a movement that increases angle between thigh and shin (kicking your leg straight)

25
Extension
Increase joint angle/ extend elbow Sagittal plane motion
26
Hypertension
Joint extends backwards beyond anatomical position in the sagittal plane
27
Dorsiflexion
Ankle moves toward shin (dorsal part of foot)
28
Plantar flexion
Ankle pointing downwards /pointed toe
29
Anterior Pelvis Tilt
Top of pelvis points forward (arched back)
30
Posterior Pelvis Tilt
Top of pelvis points backward (tailbone tucked in)
31
Lateral pelvis tilt
Top of pelvis lifts sideways (takes place in frontal plane)
32
Abduction
Movement of limb sideways away from mid line along the frontal plane (taken “away” from /abducted)
33
Adduction
Movement of limb sideways towards midline along frontal plane (“Add in”)
34
Elevation
Movement of scapulae or mandible upwards (shrugging shoulder)
35
Depression
Movement of scapulae or mandible downwards (droopping shoulders)
36
Inversion
Movement of foot/ sole inwards
37
Eversion
Movement of foot/ sole turned outward
38
Rotation
Movement of bone around its own axis (turning head)
39
Medial rotation
Turning movement of limb toward midline (turning foot inward / thumb up)
40
Lateral rotation
Turning movement of limb away from midline (foot outward / thumb down)
41
Horizontal adduction
Movement of arms together in transverse plane (dumbbell chest fly)
42
Horizontal abduction
moving away from midline in the horizontal plane (dumbbell chest fly)
43
Supination
Occurs in forearms, palms facing up or forward “carrying soup”
44
Pronation
Occurs in forearms, palms facing down or backwards “pouring soup”
45
Protraction
Forward movement in the transverse plane of scapula, clavicle or mandible (rounding shoulder blades away from each other)
46
Retraction
Backward movement in the transverse plane of the scapulae, clavicle or mandible (squeezing shoulder blades together)
47
Circumduction
Movement that draws circles at distal end of limb (hip & shoulder)
48
3 Effects of aging on joints
1.Decreased production of synovial fluid 2. Thinning of articular cartilage 3. Loss of ligament length & ROM
49
6 movements of the Scapula
-Elevation (shoulder shrug) -Depression (shoulder slouch) -Adduction (squeeze blades together) -Abduction (separate shoulder blades) -Upward rotation (outward/lateral) -Downward rotation (inward/medial)
50
8 Movements of the foot & ankle
Inversion (toes in towards midline) Extension (toes pointing outwards) Plantar (pointed toe) Dorsal (flexed toe) Pronation Supination Flexion (phalanges) Extension (phalanges)
51
10 movements of the Hips & Shoulders
Flexion Extension Hypertension Abduction Adduction Medial rotation Lateral rotation Circumduction
52
3 Movements of the Pelvis
Anterior Posterior Lateral
53
5 movements of the spine
Flexion Extension Rotation left/right Hypertension Lateral Flexion
54
4 movements of the wrist
Flexion Extension Radial deviation (abduction) Ulnar deviation (Adduction)
55
3 movements of the knee & elbow
Flexion Extension Rotation
56
Hip Bone vs Hip joint
Hip bones are the ilium bones Hip joint is the femur bone inserting into the pelvis acetabulum (hip socket)

Fitness Theory (15 decks)

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