Injury Flashcards
Common Causes of Injury
- unrealistic goals
- Impatience
- Poor alignment /technique
- Overtraining
- Poor shoes and equipment
- Poor exercise programs
- Poor guidance /instruction
- Stubborn
- Insufficient rest
- Ignorance combined with action
- Inappropriate clothing
- Poor preparation
- Pride and ego “overdrive”
Acute vs. Chronic Injuries
Acute pain level is intense and lasts only a short time.
Acute Injury
Pain is intense and lasts only 2-3 days, do not exercise
-Redness in and around area
-Swelling (different types)
-Heat – metabolic processes
-Pain
-Loss of Function
Chronic
The injury lasts a long time (6wks-6months) and is of a lower pain intensity than acute during normal daily activities or the pain is recurring
Why Health Screen?
- Fulfils your legal responsibility to protect your client against harm
- Identifies medical conditions that could be aggravated by exercise
- Identifies non-productive high-risk behaviours (smoking, etc.)
- Helps with program design
Risk Factors for CVD
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
-Family History – Heredity (history of CVD in immediate family)
-Inactivity and age (Men > 45 and Women > 55 new to fitness and exercise)
-Hypertension (ACSM ³140/90 mm Hg)
-Smoker
-Diabetes
-Resting heart rate over 100 bpm
Who requires medical clearance for exercise?
-Pre/post natal;
-Arthritis,
-Diabetes;
-Coronary Artery Disease; -Respiratory problems
-Musculoskeletal problems aggravated by exercise
-Recent surgery or advice from the physician not to exercise (abdominal surgery needs at least 6 weeks rest)
-Any condition that you are not familiar with or trained to handle
What is a PAR-Q?
The physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) is a self-screening tool that can be used by anyone who is planning to start an exercise program.
What is a PAR-QX?
“The PARmed-X is a physical activity-specific checklist to be used by a physician with patients who have had positive responses to the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).
What is PRICE Therapy
Protect
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Strains
Strains are tears to muscle and are classified into 3 categories below:
Grade One Strain: slight tear in muscle, minimal disruption of movement
Grade Two Strain: major tear in muscle, significant hemorrhaging and disruption
Grade Three Strain: severe rupture, complete loss of continuity and function
Sprains
Sprains are tears to ligamentous tissue and are classified into 3 categories described below:
1st Degree Sprain – mild stretch of the supporting ligament(s) causing tenderness Rehabilitation is usually rapid, lasting ~15 days if all goes well.
2nd Degree Sprain – Involves partial tearing of the supporting ligament(s) causing swelling, dull or sharp pain, Rehabilitation may last up to 30 days and might require surgery.
3rd Degree Sprain- Involves a complete rupture of the supporting ligaments and possibly other associated tissues of the joint (i.e. in the AC joint, the Acromio-Clavicular & coracoclavicular ligaments are torn). Surgery/ and recovery last up to 2 months to 6 months long depending on the joint injured or complications.
Lordosis
Excessive anterior pelvic tilt caused by muscular imbalances often iliopsoas, rectus femoris and erector spinae are shortened or tight along with hamstrings and rectus abdominus being lengthened or weakened
Subluxation
A partial displacement of a bone from its joint with minor to moderate damage to the surrounding tissues
Dislocation
A complete displacement of a bone from its joint with great damage to the surrounding tissues
Tendinitis
The tendon of a muscle becomes inflamed due to over-stretching or friction against a bone. Improper technique are the cause.
