Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

musculoskeletal system:

Answer 1

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 2

skeletal system:

Answer 2

consists of the bones and joints

Question 3

skeletal muscle system:

Answer 3

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 4

Skeleton

Answer 4

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 5

download

Answer 5

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 6

bone marrow:

Answer 6

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 7

cartilage:

Answer 7

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

Question 8

calcium:

Answer 8

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

Question 9

phosphorus:

Answer 9

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

Question 10

minerals:

Answer 10

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 11

ossification:

Answer 11

hardening of bones

Question 12

brittle:

Answer 12

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 13

ligaments:

Answer 13

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 14

joint:

Answer 14

region where two bones meet

Question 15

synovial fluid:

Answer 15

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 16

pivot joint:

Answer 16

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 17

hinge joints:

Answer 17

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 18

ball and socket joints:

Answer 18

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 19

immovable joints:

Answer 19

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 20

muscles:

Answer 20

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 21

involuntary muscles:

Answer 21

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

Question 22

voluntary muscles:

Answer 22

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

Question 23

tendons:

Answer 23

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

Question 24

greenstick fracture:

Answer 24

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

Question 25

fracture:

Answer 25

a break in a bone

Question 26

stem cells:

Answer 26

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

Question 27

osteoporosis:

Answer 27

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

Question 28

sprains:

Answer 28

injury caused by tearing a ligament

Question 29

arthritis:

Answer 29

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

Question 30

tennis elbow:

Answer 30

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

Question 31

torn hamstrings:

Answer 31

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint

Question 32

erythrocytes:

Answer 32

red blood cells

Question 33

leucocytes:

Answer 33

white blood cells

Question 34

plasma:

Answer 34

the yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

Question 35

red blood cells:

Answer 35

living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body

Question 36

haemoglobin:

Answer 36

the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 37

oxyhaemoglobin:

Answer 37

haemoglobin with oxygen molecules attached

Question 38

white blood cells:

Answer 38

living cells that fight bacteria and viruses as part of the human body’s immune system

Question 39

platelets:

Answer 39

small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound.

Question 40

oxygenated blood:

Answer 40

describes the bright red blood that has been supplied with oxygen in the lungs

Question 41

deoxygenated blood:

Answer 41

describes blood from which some oxygen has been removed

Question 42

vena cava:

Answer 42

large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

Question 43

left atrium:

Answer 43

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

Question 44

right atrium:

Answer 44

upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

Question 45

left ventricle:

Answer 45

lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Question 46

right ventricle:

Answer 46

lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 47

valves:

Answer 47

flap-like folds in the lining of a blood vessel or other hollow organ that allow a liquid, such as blood, to flow in one direction only

Question 48

‘lub dub’:

Answer 48

the sound made by the heart valves as they close

Question 49

blood pressure:

Answer 49

measures how strongly the blood is pumped through the body’s main arteries

Question 50

systolic pressure:

Answer 50

the higher blood pressure reading during contraction of the heart muscles

Question 51

diastolic pressure:

Answer 51

the lower blood pressure reading during relaxation of the heart muscles

Question 52

heartbeat:

Answer 52

contraction of the heart muscle occurring about 60–100 times per minute

Question 53

pulse:

Answer 53

alternating contraction and expansion of arteries due to the pumping of blood by the heart

Question 54

pacemaker:

Answer 54

electronic device inserted in the chest to keep the heart beating regularly at the correct rate. It works by stimulating the heart with tiny electrical impulses.

Question 55

cardiac muscle:

Answer 55

special kind of muscle in the heart that never tires. It is involved in pumping blood through the heart.