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Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

Igneous

A

Rocks that form through the cooling of lava and magma

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2
Q

Magma

A

Hot fluid that is not able to be found below the Earths Surface

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3
Q

Lava

A

Magma that is able to be found above the Earths surface

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4
Q

Extrusive

A

Igneous rocks that form above the Earths surface

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5
Q

Intrusive

A

Igneous rocks that form below the Earths surface

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6
Q

Mineral

A

A natural occurring substance of rock

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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer layer of the Earth

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The upper layer of the Earths mantle

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A piece of a homogeneous solid substance

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10
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

A rock that has been formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment

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11
Q

Erosian

A

The process of eroding or being eroded by wind or water

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12
Q

Floodpains

A

Level land that may be submerged by floodwaters

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13
Q

Glaciers

A

A slowly moving mass or river of ice

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14
Q

Moraines

A

A mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier

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15
Q

Sandstone

A

Sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

A dark sedimentary rock formed from consolidated mud

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17
Q

Shale

A

Soft finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile plates.

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18
Q

Siltstone

A

Fine-grained sedimentary rock consisting of consolidated silt

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19
Q

Conglomerate

A

A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments embedded in a matrix of cementing material such as silica

20
Q

Limestone

A

A hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement

21
Q

Coal

A

A combustible black or dark brown rock consisting chiefly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground seams and used as fuel

22
Q

Rock Salt

A

Is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride

23
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

A metamorphic rock is a result of a transformation of a pre-existing rock. The original rock is subjected to very high heat and pressure, which cause obvious physical and/or chemical changes.

24
Q

Metamorphism

A

Alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, or pressure

25
Q

Mineral

A

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids.

26
Q

Ores

A

An ore is an occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit.

27
Q

Mining

A

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner.

28
Q

Environmental Impact Statement

A

An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions “significantly affecting the quality of the human environment”. An EIS is a tool for decision making.

29
Q

Rehabilitated

A

Return (something, especially a building or environmental feature) to its former condition.

30
Q

Overburden

A

Rock or soil overlying a mineral deposit, archaeological site, or other underground feature.

31
Q

Open-cut mining

A

Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.

32
Q

Underground Mining

A

Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds.

33
Q

Stone Age

A

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

34
Q

Alloy

A

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by a metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements or a mixture of metallic phases.

35
Q

Flint

A

A hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica (chert), occurring chiefly as nodules in chalk.

36
Q

Percussion Flaking

A

Definition of percussion flaking. : the shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler — compare pressure flaking.

37
Q

Fossil

A

Any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

38
Q

Folding

A

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

39
Q

Paleontologists

A

A scientist who studies fossils

40
Q

Relative Age

A

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

41
Q

Carnivores

A

Animal that eats other animals

42
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that eat dead plant and animal material

43
Q

Mould

A

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

44
Q

Trace Fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

45
Q

Extinct

A

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

Science (14 decks)

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