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Principles of Anatomy > SKELETAL ANATOMY > Flashcards

SKELETAL ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main structures that make up a skeleton?

A

BONE AND CARTILAGE

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2
Q

List the bones found in the Axial Skeleton

A

CRANIUM, CLAVICAL, STERNUM, HUMERUS, RIB, LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, ULNA, RADIUS, PUBIS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, ISCHIUM, FEMUR, TIBIA, TARSALS, METATARSALS, PHALANGES

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3
Q

List the bones found in the appendicular Skeleton

A

CRANIUM, CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, SCAPULA, HUMERUS, THORACIC VERTEBRAE, ILLIUM, SACRUM, COCCYX, PHALANGES, FEMUR, FIBULA, TIBIA

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4
Q

Give an example of a long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid bone

A

LONG = HUMERUS
SHORT = CARPALS
IRREGULAR = SCAPULA
FLAT = VERTEBRAE
SESAMOID = PATELLA

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5
Q

What is the name of the structure found at the end of long bones, which prevents friction and absorbs shock?

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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6
Q

where are the red and white blood cells produced?

A

RED MARROW

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7
Q

list the functions of the skeletal system

A

SHAPE
PROTECTION
ATTATCHMENT
MOVEMENT
PRODUCTION
STORAGE

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8
Q

what are three main join types?

A

FIBROUS
CARTILAGINOUS
SYNOVIAL

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9
Q

List the characteristics of a synovial joint

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
LIGAMENTS
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
SYNOVIAL FLUID
JOINT CAPSULE
JOINT CAVITY
TENDONS

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10
Q

which structure joins bone to bone?

A

CARTILAGE

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11
Q

which structure joins muscle to bone?

A

LIGAMENT

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12
Q

where would you find a hinge joint?

A

ELBOW

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13
Q

what movements are possible at a hinge joint?

A

FLEXION AND EXTENSION

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14
Q

where would you find a ball and socket joint?

A

SHOULDER

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15
Q

what movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?

A

FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION

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16
Q

List five sections of the vertebral column and identify how many vertebrae are in each.

A

CERVICAL 7, TORACIC 12, LUMBAR 5, SACRAL 5, COCCYX 4

17
Q

describe hyperlordosis

A

UPPER BODY MUSCLES ARE SHORTENED, BACK MUSCLES ARE LENGTHENED. HOLLOW BACK

18
Q

describe hyperkyphosis

A

BACK MUSCLES SHORTENED, ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LENGTHENED, HUNCH BACK

19
Q

describe scoliosis

A

ANY SIDEWAYS OR LATERAL SPINAL DEVIATION MORE THAN 10 DEGREES

20
Q

what is the difference between an osteoblast and an osteoclast?

A

OSTEOBLAST ARE CELLS THAT PRODUCES CALCIUM TO FORM BONE
OSTEOCLAST ARE CELLS THAT EAT AWAY OLD BONE

21
Q

what are the long term benefits of exercise of the skeletal system?

A

BONE DENSITY
JOINT STABILITY
IMPROVED POSTURE
IMPROVED CARTILAGE HEALTH
REDUCED FRACTURE RISK
REDUCED RISK OF OSTEOPEROSIS
BETTER ROM AND FLEXIBILITY

Principles of Anatomy (7 decks)

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