SKELETAL ANATOMY Flashcards
What are the 2 main structures that make up a skeleton?
BONE AND CARTILAGE
List the bones found in the Axial Skeleton
CRANIUM, CLAVICAL, STERNUM, HUMERUS, RIB, LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, ULNA, RADIUS, PUBIS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, ISCHIUM, FEMUR, TIBIA, TARSALS, METATARSALS, PHALANGES
List the bones found in the appendicular Skeleton
CRANIUM, CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, SCAPULA, HUMERUS, THORACIC VERTEBRAE, ILLIUM, SACRUM, COCCYX, PHALANGES, FEMUR, FIBULA, TIBIA
Give an example of a long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid bone
LONG = HUMERUS
SHORT = CARPALS
IRREGULAR = SCAPULA
FLAT = VERTEBRAE
SESAMOID = PATELLA
What is the name of the structure found at the end of long bones, which prevents friction and absorbs shock?
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
where are the red and white blood cells produced?
RED MARROW
list the functions of the skeletal system
SHAPE
PROTECTION
ATTATCHMENT
MOVEMENT
PRODUCTION
STORAGE
what are three main join types?
FIBROUS
CARTILAGINOUS
SYNOVIAL
List the characteristics of a synovial joint
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
LIGAMENTS
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
SYNOVIAL FLUID
JOINT CAPSULE
JOINT CAVITY
TENDONS
which structure joins bone to bone?
CARTILAGE
which structure joins muscle to bone?
LIGAMENT
where would you find a hinge joint?
ELBOW
what movements are possible at a hinge joint?
FLEXION AND EXTENSION
where would you find a ball and socket joint?
SHOULDER
what movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?
FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION
List five sections of the vertebral column and identify how many vertebrae are in each.
CERVICAL 7, TORACIC 12, LUMBAR 5, SACRAL 5, COCCYX 4
describe hyperlordosis
UPPER BODY MUSCLES ARE SHORTENED, BACK MUSCLES ARE LENGTHENED. HOLLOW BACK
describe hyperkyphosis
BACK MUSCLES SHORTENED, ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LENGTHENED, HUNCH BACK
describe scoliosis
ANY SIDEWAYS OR LATERAL SPINAL DEVIATION MORE THAN 10 DEGREES
what is the difference between an osteoblast and an osteoclast?
OSTEOBLAST ARE CELLS THAT PRODUCES CALCIUM TO FORM BONE
OSTEOCLAST ARE CELLS THAT EAT AWAY OLD BONE
what are the long term benefits of exercise of the skeletal system?
BONE DENSITY
JOINT STABILITY
IMPROVED POSTURE
IMPROVED CARTILAGE HEALTH
REDUCED FRACTURE RISK
REDUCED RISK OF OSTEOPEROSIS
BETTER ROM AND FLEXIBILITY
