COMPONENTS OF FITNESS AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS

Question 1

How is exercise defined?

Answer 1

STRUCTURED OR PLANNED ACTIVITY THAT REQUIRES PHYSICAL EFFORT, WITH THE AIM OF SUSTAINING OR IMPROVING PHYSICAL FITNESS

Question 2

How is physical fitness defined?

Answer 2

A STATE OF WELLBEING THAT PROVIDES OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE

Question 3

What are the components of health-related fitness?

Answer 3

CV FITNESS
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
MUSCULAR STRENGTH
FLEXIBILITY
BODY COMPOSITION

Question 4

What are the components of skill-related fitness?

Answer 4

SPEED
POWER
REACTION TIME
AGILITY
BLANACE
COORDINATION

Question 5

Define overload.

Answer 5

INCREASING SPEED
INCREASING DURATION
INCREASING RESISTANCE
INCREASING REPS
INCREASING SETS
DECREASING RECOVERY TIME BETWEEN
SETS
INCREASING SESSIONS
INCREASING EFFECT OF GRAVITY
DECREASING STABILITY

Question 6

Define reversibility

Answer 6

USE IT OR LOSE IT’ MAINTAIN REGULAR EXERCISE AND ACTIVITY TO REDUCE THE LOSS OF INDIVIDUAL FITNESS

Question 7

Define specificity.

Answer 7

SPECIFIC ADAPTATION TO IMPOSED DEMAND. TRAINING GOALS DIFFER FROM PERSON TO PERSON. CONSIDER ENERGY SYSTEMS, MAIN PRIME MOVERS, JOINT ANGLE AND TYPE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 8

Define adaptability.

Answer 8

THE BODIES ABILITY TO ADAPT IN ACCORDANCE THE CHALLENGES PRESENTED TO IT EG. HIGH RES LOW REP EXERCISE INCREASES MUSCULAR STRENGTH

Question 9

What does ‘FITT’ stand for?

Answer 9

FREQUENCY, INTENCITY, TIME, TYPE

Question 10

What are the contraindications to exercise for an older adult?

Answer 10

UNSTABLE OR UNCONTROLLED MEDICAL CONDITIONS
RESTING BLOOD PRESSURE OF MORE THAN 180/110MMHG
RESTING HEART RATE OVER 100BPM
JOINT CONDITION MADE WORSE BY EXERCISE
UNEXPLAINED DIZZINESS

Question 11

Identify the physiological effects of ageing.

Answer 11

FEWER FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES
WEAKER MUSCLE FIBRES
REDUCED MOTOR NEURONS
REDUCED NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
REDUCED CAPILLARIES IN MUSCLE
INCREASED LEVELS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SENSORY DECLINE
COGNITIVE DECLINE
LOSS OF BONE MASS AND DENSITY
INCREASED RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS
REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF SYNOVIAL FLUID
CALCIFICATION OF THE JOINTS
REDUCED STROKE VOLUME AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
LESS EFFICIENT HEART AND CIRCULATION
INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE
FEWER CAPILLARIES
LESS ELASTIC VESSELS REDUCED INTAKE UPTAKE AND UTILISATION OF OXYGEN

Question 12

What are the benefits of exercising during pregnancy?

Answer 12

PREVENTION OF EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN
PREVENTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES
DECREASED RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA
DECREASED INCIDENCE/SYMPTOMS OF LOW BACK PAIN
DECREASED RISK OF URINARY INCONTINENCE
PREVENTION/IMPROVEMENT OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
MAINTENANCE OF FITNESS
PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM WEIGHT RETENTION

Question 13

What are the contraindications of exercise for pre and postnatal clients?

Answer 13

SEVERE ANAEMIA
UNEVALUATED CARDIAC DYSRYTHMIA
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
POORLY CONTROLLED TYPE 1 DIABETES
EXTREME MORBID OBESITY
EXTREME UNDERWEIGHT
HISTORY OF EXTREMELY SEDENTARY LIFE
GROWTH RESTRICTION
ORTHOPAEDIC LIMITATIONS
POORLY CONTROLLED SEIZURE DISORDER
POORLY CONTROLLED HYPERTHYROIDISM
HEAVY SMOKING

Question 14

How is disability defined?

Answer 14

AN UMBRELLA TERM COVERING IMPAIRMENTS, ACTIVITY LIMITATIONS AND PARTICIPATION RESTRICTIONS

Question 15

What are the potential benefits of exercise for a disabled client?

Answer 15

REDUCED RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS
MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE INDEPENDENCE

Question 16

What are the risks of exercise associated with young people (14-16 years old)?

Answer 16

GROWTH PLATE FRACTURES
OVERSTRETCHING
LIMB LENGTH CAUSING BALANCE PROBLEM
TECHNIQUE AND BODY AWARENESS UNDEVELOPED
GYMNASIUM EQUIPMENT NOT DESIGNED FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE SMALL HEART CHAMBER SO STROKE VOLUME IS LOWER