NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

what are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body?

Answer 1

CARDIAC
SKELETAL
SMOOTH

Question 2

what are the four key characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

CONTRACTABILITY
EXTENSIBILITY
ELASTICITY
EXCITABILITY

Question 3

what is the name given to the outer layer of a whole muscle?

Answer 3

EPIMYSIUM

Question 4

what is the name given to the covering of a bundle (fascicles) of muscle fibres?

Answer 4

PERIMYSIUM

Question 5

what is the name given to the covering of an individual muscle fibre?

Answer 5

ENDOMYSIUM

Question 6

what is the name given to the two contractile filaments of a muscle?

Answer 6

ACTIN
MYOSIN

Question 7

what are the key differences between slow and fast twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 7

FAST TWITCH:
> DECREASED OXYGEN DELIVERY
> GENERATE MORE FORCE
> SHORT TERM CONTRACTIONS
> LESS RESISTANT TO FATIGUE
>ANAEROBIC

SLOW TWITCH:
	> INCREASED OXYGEN DELIVERY
	> PRODUCE LESS FORCE
	> LONG TERM CONTRACTIONS
	> RESISTANT TO FATIGUE
	> AEROBIC

Question 8

what is the name of the muscle at the front of the upper leg?

Answer 8

QUADRICEPS

Question 9

what is the name of the muscle at the back of the lower leg?

Answer 9

GSTROCNEMIUS

Question 10

where would you find the trapezius muscle?

Answer 10

UPPER BACK

Question 11

where would you find the erector spinae muscle?

Answer 11

LOWER BACK

Question 12

describe each of the following muscle contractions: isometric, isotonic, concentric, eccentric

Answer 12

sometric
A STATIC POSITION WHERE TENSION IS USED TO HOLD THE MUSCLE IN PLACE
> isotonic
THE CREATION OF TENSION THROUGH MOVEMENT
> concentric
GENERATING TENSION BY SHORTENING THE MUSCLE
> eccentric
GENERATING TENSION BY LENGTHENING THE MUSCLE

Question 13

which muscle flexes the knee?

Answer 13

QUADRICEPS GROUP

Question 14

which muscle extends the elbow?

Answer 14

TRICEPS GROUP

Question 15

which muscle abducts the shoulder?

Answer 15

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Question 16

which muscle flexes the spine?

Answer 16

ERECTOR SPINAE, RECTUS ABDOMINUS AND INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

Question 17

which muscle dorsiflexes the ankle?

Answer 17

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Question 18

name the antagonist of the following prime movers: Rectus Abdominis, Biceps Brachii, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, Deltoids

Answer 18

> rectus abdominis
ERECTOR SPINAE
> biceps brachii
TRICEPS
> hamstrings
QUADRICEPS
> gastrocnemius
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
> deltoids
MIDDLE TRAPEZIUS

Question 19

what is the role of the nervous system?

Answer 19

SENDING INFORMATION, ANALYZING INFORMATION, RESPONDING TO INFORMATION

Question 20

which two structures make up the central nervous system?

Answer 20

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

Question 21

which two systems does the nervous system subdivide into?

Answer 21

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

Question 22

Identify the two types of neurons that send messages to and from the brain

Answer 22

SENSORY NEURONS
MOTOR NEURONS

Question 23

identify the structures found in a neutron

Answer 23

CELL BODY
NUCELUS
DENDRITES
AXON
MYELIN SHEATH

Question 24

what is the role of the myelin sheath

Answer 24

INSULATES THE AXON THE SPEED UP THE TRANSPORT OF MESSAGES

Question 25

describe the ‘all or none’ law

Answer 25

WHEN A MOTOR UNIT USES ALL OF ITS FIBRES OR NONE AT ALL AFTER RECEIVING A NEURON IMPULSE

Question 26

what are the long term benefits of exercise on the neuromuscular system?

Answer 26

HYPERTROPHY
INCREASED STORES OF GLYCOGEN AND CREATINE PHOSPHATE
INCREASED ACTIN AND MYOSIN
INCREASED BASAL METABOLIC RATE
IMPROVED POSTURE
INCREASE IN SIZE AND NUMBER OF CAPILLARIES SURROUNDING MUSCLE FIBRES
INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR CONNECTIONS BETTER COORDINATION REACTIONS AGILITY POWER BALANCE AND SPEED
INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF MOTOR UNITS