NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
what are the three types of muscle tissue found in the body?
CARDIAC
SKELETAL
SMOOTH
what are the four key characteristics of muscle tissue?
CONTRACTABILITY
EXTENSIBILITY
ELASTICITY
EXCITABILITY
what is the name given to the outer layer of a whole muscle?
EPIMYSIUM
what is the name given to the covering of a bundle (fascicles) of muscle fibres?
PERIMYSIUM
what is the name given to the covering of an individual muscle fibre?
ENDOMYSIUM
what is the name given to the two contractile filaments of a muscle?
ACTIN
MYOSIN
what are the key differences between slow and fast twitch muscle fibres?
FAST TWITCH:
> DECREASED OXYGEN DELIVERY
> GENERATE MORE FORCE
> SHORT TERM CONTRACTIONS
> LESS RESISTANT TO FATIGUE
>ANAEROBIC
SLOW TWITCH: > INCREASED OXYGEN DELIVERY > PRODUCE LESS FORCE > LONG TERM CONTRACTIONS > RESISTANT TO FATIGUE > AEROBIC
what is the name of the muscle at the front of the upper leg?
QUADRICEPS
what is the name of the muscle at the back of the lower leg?
GSTROCNEMIUS
where would you find the trapezius muscle?
UPPER BACK
where would you find the erector spinae muscle?
LOWER BACK
describe each of the following muscle contractions: isometric, isotonic, concentric, eccentric
sometric
A STATIC POSITION WHERE TENSION IS USED TO HOLD THE MUSCLE IN PLACE
> isotonic
THE CREATION OF TENSION THROUGH MOVEMENT
> concentric
GENERATING TENSION BY SHORTENING THE MUSCLE
> eccentric
GENERATING TENSION BY LENGTHENING THE MUSCLE
which muscle flexes the knee?
QUADRICEPS GROUP
which muscle extends the elbow?
TRICEPS GROUP
which muscle abducts the shoulder?
PECTORALIS MAJOR
which muscle flexes the spine?
ERECTOR SPINAE, RECTUS ABDOMINUS AND INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
which muscle dorsiflexes the ankle?
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
name the antagonist of the following prime movers: Rectus Abdominis, Biceps Brachii, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, Deltoids
> rectus abdominis
ERECTOR SPINAE
> biceps brachii
TRICEPS
> hamstrings
QUADRICEPS
> gastrocnemius
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
> deltoids
MIDDLE TRAPEZIUS
what is the role of the nervous system?
SENDING INFORMATION, ANALYZING INFORMATION, RESPONDING TO INFORMATION
which two structures make up the central nervous system?
BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
which two systems does the nervous system subdivide into?
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
Identify the two types of neurons that send messages to and from the brain
SENSORY NEURONS
MOTOR NEURONS
identify the structures found in a neutron
CELL BODY
NUCELUS
DENDRITES
AXON
MYELIN SHEATH
what is the role of the myelin sheath
INSULATES THE AXON THE SPEED UP THE TRANSPORT OF MESSAGES
describe the ‘all or none’ law
WHEN A MOTOR UNIT USES ALL OF ITS FIBRES OR NONE AT ALL AFTER RECEIVING A NEURON IMPULSE
what are the long term benefits of exercise on the neuromuscular system?
HYPERTROPHY
INCREASED STORES OF GLYCOGEN AND CREATINE PHOSPHATE
INCREASED ACTIN AND MYOSIN
INCREASED BASAL METABOLIC RATE
IMPROVED POSTURE
INCREASE IN SIZE AND NUMBER OF CAPILLARIES SURROUNDING MUSCLE FIBRES
INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR CONNECTIONS BETTER COORDINATION REACTIONS AGILITY POWER BALANCE AND SPEED
INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF MOTOR UNITS
