CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
where is the heart located?
BEHIND THE STERNUM, LEFT OF CENTRE, BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT LUNGS.
what is the name of the upper chambers of the heart?
ATRIA
what is the name of the lower chambers of the heart?
VENTRICLES
what is the role of heart valves?
ATRIOVENTRICULAR PREVENTS FLOW OF BLOOD INTO ATRIA
SEMILUNAR PREVENTS FLOW OF BLOOD BACK INTO RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES
what blood pressure reading would be considered stage 1 hypertension?
SYSTOLIC 140-159
DIASTOLIC 90-99
describe systemic blood circulation
The circulation between the heart and the body
describe pulmonary blood circulation
the circulation between the heart and the lungs
identify the structural differences of arteries, veins and capillaries
ARTERIES
THICK MUSCULAR WALLS DIVIDE IN THE SMALLER VESSELS CALLED ARTERIOLES
VEINS
THINNER THAN ARTERIES DIVIDE INTO SMALLER VESSELS CALLED VENULES
CAPILLARIES
EXTREMELY THIN WALLS
LINK ARTERIES TO VEINS
identify the functional differences of arteries, veins and capillaries
ARTERIES
CARRY BLOOD UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AWAY FROM HEART
CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD EXCEPT PULMONORY VEIN
VEINS
CARRY BLOOD TOWARDS HEART UNDER MODERATE PRESSURE CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD EXCEPT PULMONORY VEIN
CAPILLARIES
ALLOW FOR DIFFUSION OF GASSES AND NUTRIENTS THROUGHT THE BODY INCLUDING MUSCLE TISSUES
what are the four components of blood
RED BLOOD
WHITE BLOOD
PLATELETS
PLASMA
describe the passage of air into the lungs
NOSE AND MOUTH > PHARYNX AND LARYNX > TRACHEA > BRONCHI/BRONCHUS > BRONCHIOLES > ALVEOLI
what are the two main respiratory muscles responsible for inhalation and exhalation?
DIAPHRAGM AND INTERNAL/EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
describe gaseous exchange
OXYGEN IN ALVEOLI DIFFUSES INTO BLOODSTREAM AND TRAVELS TO HEART
CARBON DIOXIDE IS TRANSPORTED FROM BODY VIA BLOOD AND DIFFUSES INTO ALVEOLI AND REMOVED DURING EXHILATION
OXYGEN IN BLOOD DIFFUSES INTO CELLS FOR AEROBIC ENERGY PRODUCTION
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CELLS DIFFUSES INTO BLOOD AND CIRCULATES BACK TO HEART THEN INTO LUNGS FOR REMOVAL VIA EXHILATION
what are the long term benefits of exercise for the cardiovascular an respiratory systems?
DECREASED RESTING AND WORKING HEART RATE
INCREASED AEROBIC CAPACITY
NORMALIZED BLOOD PRESSURE
INCREASED HYPERTROPHY OF LEFT VENTRICLE
INCREASED SIZE AND ELASTICITY OF ARTERIES
INCREASED CAPILLARY NETWORK
INCREASED STRENGTH OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLES
INCREASED STROKE VOLUME AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
REDUCED LEVELS OF BAD CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD
INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME
INCREASED SIZE AND NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA
