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ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS > SKELETAL > Flashcards

SKELETAL Flashcards

1
Q

Functions Of the Skeletal System

A

Framework of the body
Provides physical support & protection
Muscle attachment & leverage for locomotion Storage of minerals (calcium & phosphorus) Manufacture RBC in bone marrow of long bones

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2
Q

the framework of the human body

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q
  • is any hardened portion of the body, which may either be located externally (exoskeleton) or internally (endoskeleton)
A

Skeleton

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4
Q

Found outside the body

A

Exoskeleton

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5
Q

Consists of dead, non- cellular secretions

A

Exoskeleton

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6
Q

Eg, shells of crustaceans, exoskeleton of insects, Carapace & plastron of turtles

A

Exoskeleton

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7
Q

Consists of hardened, rigid, segmented & entirely cellular bones

A

Endoskeleton

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8
Q

Found inside the body

A

Endoskeleton

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9
Q

Eg. Cartilage & bone

A

Endoskeleton

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10
Q

A core of liquid (water or body fluid such as blood) surrounded by a tension resistant sheath of longitudinal or circular muscles

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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11
Q

A form of internal support

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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12
Q

Eg. In Sea anemone, worm

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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13
Q

Types of Skeletal System

A

Endoskeleton
Exoskeleton
Hydrostatic Skeleton

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14
Q
  • tough membrane that surrounds & protects bone
A

Periosteum

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15
Q
  • holds muscles in place & produces bone- forming cells responsible for bone growth
A

Periosteum

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16
Q

-dense mat’l beneath the periosteum

A

Compact bone

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17
Q
  • gives bones strength to carry heavy objects
A

Compact bone

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18
Q

-at the end of bone knob that makes the bone knob light

A

Spongy bone

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19
Q
  • soft inner part of bone
A

Marrow

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20
Q
  • rich with nerves & blood vessels
A

Marrow

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21
Q

Types of Marrow

A

Red Marrow
Yellow Marrow

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22
Q

found on flat bones

A

Red marrow

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23
Q

(eg. Ribs, sternum)

A

Red marrow

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24
Q

produces RBC

A

Red marrow

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25
Q

-found on central cavity of long bones

A

Yellow marrow

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26
Q

made up of fat cells

A

Yellow marrow

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27
Q

serves as storage depot for fats

A

Yellow marrow

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28
Q

-the process whereby cartilage are transformed into boness

A

OSSIFICATION

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29
Q
  • involves deposition of calcium compounds between bone cells resulting in increased strength of bone
A

OSSIFICATION

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30
Q
  • develops immediately into a hard bone
A

Membrane Bone

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31
Q
  • starts first as a cartilage (chondrification) and later hardens ir bone (ossification)
A

Cartilage Bone

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32
Q

Types of Bones According to Formation

A

Membrane Bone
Cartilage Bone

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33
Q

Two Divisions of the Human Skeleton

A

Appendicular
Axial

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34
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull
Hyoid
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column

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35
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle
Pelvic gird
Upper limbs
Lower limbs

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36
Q

Bony framework of the head

A

Skull

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37
Q

Bones are joined together by immovable joint called suture (except for mandible)

A

Skull

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38
Q

Consists of:

Cranial bones - 8
Facial bones -14

A

Skull

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39
Q

Encloses & protects the brain & sense organs

A

Skull

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40
Q

Cranial bones

A

8

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41
Q

Facial bones

A

14

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42
Q

are joined together by immovable joint called suture (except for mandible)

A

Bones

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43
Q

Bones are joined together by immovable joint called ____ (except for mandible)

A

suture

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44
Q

Supports the tongue & larynx (voice box)

A

Hyoid

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45
Q

Small isolated bone located in the upper anterior part of the neck

A

Hyoid

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46
Q

for attachment of ribs that together form the rib cage which protects internal organs (heart, İungs)

A

Sternum

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47
Q

flat dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the chest

A

Sternum

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48
Q

Composed of:
Manubrium - upper part
Body - elongated middle segment
Xiphoid process - small terminal piece

49
Q
  • upper part
50
Q
  • small terminal piece
A

Xiphoid process

51
Q
  • elongated middle segment
52
Q

Skull consists of:

A

Cranial bones - 8
Facial bones -14

53
Q

Last 2 pairs

A

floating ribs

54
Q

(not attach to sternum)

A

floating ribs

55
Q

next 3 pairs

A
  • false ribs
56
Q

(not directly attached to sternum)

A
  • false ribs
57
Q

1st 7 pairs

58
Q

(directly attached to sternum)

59
Q

Protect organs in the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs)

60
Q

Support the chest wall

61
Q

flat bones attach to the sternum

62
Q

Composed of 33 irregularly
shaped bones called vertebrae

A

Vertebral column

63
Q

Axial support of the body

A

Vertebral column

64
Q

Also called the spinal column
or backbone

A

Vertebral column

65
Q

2 fused bones

A

Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
Sacrum (sacral vertebrae)

66
Q

5 fused bones

A

Sacrum (sacral vertebrae)

67
Q

4 fused bones

A

Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)

68
Q

24 vertebrae - common features:

A

body & neural arch

69
Q

(back) vertebrae

70
Q

(chest) vertebrae

A

12 thoracic

71
Q

(neck) vertebrae

A

7 cervical

72
Q

Upper Extremities:

73
Q

– longer

74
Q

– shorter &
& smaller

75
Q

Consist of 3 parts of Upper limbs

A

Arm or Humerus
Forearm
Hand

76
Q

• for grasping & holding

A

Upper Limbs

77
Q

64 bones

A

Upper Extremities

78
Q

Hand

A

Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

79
Q

Pectoral girdle consists of:

A

Clavicle
Scapula

80
Q

Collar bone-2

81
Q

Shoulder blade - 2

82
Q

For locomotion

A

Lower Limbs

83
Q

62 bones

A

LOWER EXTREMITIES

84
Q

LOWER EXTREMITIES consists of:

A

Thigh or Femur
Leg
Foot

85
Q

Longest bone

86
Q

2nd longest bone

A

Tibia -fibula

87
Q

tarsals -7
metatarsals-5
phalanges-14

A

Foot/Lower Limbs

88
Q

ex. Vertebrae, sacrum, mandible

A

Irregular Bones

89
Q

small isolated bone (sesamoid)

A

Patella or Knee cap

90
Q

BONES:

tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

91
Q

How many bones?

Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

92
Q

Carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

Where?

A

Upper limbs/Hand

93
Q

Consists of 3 separate parts: - Ilium, ischium, pubis

A

Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle

94
Q

Composed of 2 coxal (hip) bones

A

Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle

95
Q

Pelvic Girdle or Hip girdle consists of 3 parts

A

Ilium
ischium
Pubis

96
Q

ex. Cranium, ribs, scapula

A

Flat Bones

97
Q

for protection of the soft body parts

A

Flat Bones

98
Q
  • short & of irregular shapes
A

Short Bones

99
Q

divided into shaft called diaphysis & extremities called epiphysis

A

Long Bones

100
Q

divided into shaft called

101
Q

extremities called

102
Q

ex. Femur, humerus, radius-ulna, tibia-fibula

A

Long Bones

103
Q

ex. Carpals, tarsals

A

Short Bones

104
Q
  • bones of peculiar & differing shapes
A

Irregular Bones

105
Q

ex. Patella or knee cap

A

Sesamoid Bones

106
Q

– small, rounded & separate bone

A

Sesamoid Bones

107
Q

is the point where bones are connected

108
Q

Types of Joints

A

Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints
Diarthrosis or Movable Joints
Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints

109
Q

eg. Sutures in the skull

A

Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints

110
Q

fixed; firmly united & don’t allow movement

A

Synarthrosis or Immovable Joints

111
Q

eg. Elbow, fingers, knees, ankles

A

Diarthrosis or Movable Joints

112
Q

free; allow angular & rotary movement

A

Diarthrosis or Movable Joints

113
Q

eg. In between vertebrae (invertebral), sacroiliac (pelvic bone to the spine

A

Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints

114
Q

semi-fixed; allow slight movement

A

Amphiarthrosis or Slightly Movable Joints

115
Q

Smallest bone:

A

Stirrup (middle ear)

116
Q

Number of bones at maturity:

117
Q

Number of bones at birth

118
Q

(pelvic bone to the spine)

A

sacroiliac

ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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