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ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS > MUSCULAR > Flashcards

MUSCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

For movement and locomotion
Provides form & shape to the body
Heat production
Protection

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2
Q

movement of amoeba

A

Amoeboid movement

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3
Q

allows them to move crawling on the surface

A

Pseudopodia

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4
Q

eg. WBC, coelomic cells, Amoeba, embryonic tissues, in wound healing & many cell types growing in tissue culture

A

Amoeboid movement

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5
Q

longer than cilia

A

Flagella

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6
Q

eg. Paramecium, free living flatworms cilia Euglena, Trypanosoma (parasitic blood plasma) - flagella

A

Ciliary/Flagellar Movement

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7
Q

eg. Flatworms, some Cnidarians, gastropod molluscs (snail), earthworms

A

Pedal Locomotion

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8
Q

eg. Leeches & some insect larvae (caterpillar), polychaete worms

A

Looping movements

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9
Q

e.g. Echinoderms (sea stars) - 5 arms with water vascular canal each + tube feet hydraulic pressure drives movement

A

Water-vascular system

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10
Q
  • in Arthropods (have wings)
A

Flight

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11
Q

e.g. Some insects (fleas, grasshoppers, leaf hoppers)

A

Jumping

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12
Q

NON-MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

A

Amoeboid movement
Ciliary/Flagellar Movement

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13
Q

MUSCULAR MOVEMENT in Invertebrates

A

Pedal Locomotion
Looping movements
Water-vascular system
Flight
Jumping

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14
Q

PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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15
Q

the ability to contract or shorten & become thicker

A

Contractility

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16
Q

the capacity to receive & respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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17
Q

the ability to be stretched

A

Extensibility

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18
Q

the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or contracted

A

Elasticity

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19
Q

Kinds of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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20
Q

DESCRIPTION: Long, striated cells with multiple

FUNCTION: Contraction for voluntary movements

A

Skeletal muscle

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21
Q

-waves of activity in the muscular system that are applied to the substrate

A

Pedal Locomotion

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22
Q

DESCRIPTION: Long, spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus

COMMON LOCATIONS: In hollow organs (e.g., stomach)

FUNCTION: Propulsion of substances along internal passageways

A

Smooth muscle

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23
Q

DESCRIPTION: Branching, striated cells fuse at plasma membranes

COMMON LOCATIONS: Wall of heart

FUNCTION: Pumping of blood in the circulatory system

A

Cardiac muscle

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24
Q

are attached to bones directly or indirectly or with other muscles with connective tissues

A

Muscles

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25
Q

Muscles are attached to bones directly or indirectly or with other muscles with connective tissues such as:

A

Tendon
Aponeurosis

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26
Q
  • cord-like connective tissue
A

Tendon

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27
Q
  • flat sheet CT
A

Aponeurosis

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28
Q

Connect your muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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29
Q

Bone to bone

30
Q
  • fleshy part of a muscle
31
Q

Point of attachment to bones:

A

Origin
Insertion

32
Q

the site of attachment w/c in any particular movement remains fixed

33
Q
  • muscle with more than one origin
34
Q

the site that is caused to move

35
Q
  • muscle with more than one insertion
36
Q

Eg. Triceps femoris - 3 heads/large muscle at the side of a leg

37
Q

Eg. Biceps femoris - 1 muscle behind thigh, attached to the helium

38
Q

e.g. Biceps femoris

Origin:
Insertion:

A

Ilium
Tibiofibula

39
Q
  • muscle that raises a part
40
Q
  • muscle that lowers a part
41
Q
  • a muscle that draws toward the midline. (ex. Adductor magnus- adducts thigh & leg)
42
Q
  • a muscle that draws away from the midline
43
Q
  • a muscle that bends a part
44
Q
  • a muscle that extends a part
45
Q
  • a muscle that rotates a part
46
Q
  • a muscle that rotates a part
47
Q
  • a muscle that encircles a part thus regulating its opening
A

Sphinctor/Constrictor

48
Q
  • a muscle that opens a part
49
Q

How are muscles named

A

Location
Shape
Size
Direction of fibers
Number or origins
Location of attachment
Type of motion

50
Q

Parallel

51
Q

Transverse

A

Transversus

52
Q

Muscles work in ____

53
Q

cause opposite movements - most skeletal muscles work this way (if one relaxes the other contracts)

A

Antagonists

54
Q
  • pairs of muscles that cause harmonious movements
A

Synergists

55
Q

Muscles work in pairs

A

Antagonists
Synergists

56
Q

The thick filaments and the thin filaments within myofibrils overlap in a structured way, forming units called _____.

A

Sarcomeres

57
Q

sections of myofibril that are separated from each other by areas of dense material called ___

A

“Z discs”

58
Q

also described in terms of the bands/zones within which one or both of the two filaments occur.

A

sarcomeres

59
Q

is a relatively darker area within the sarcomere that extends along the total length of the thick filaments.

A

“A band”

60
Q

is at the centre of the A band of each sarcomere. As shown below, this is the region in which there are only thick filaments, and no thin filaments

61
Q

is the region between adjacent A bands, in which there are only thin filaments, and no thick filaments. (Each I band extends across two adjacent sarcomeres.)

62
Q

are represented by the zig-zag lines that form the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres.

63
Q

bundle of myscle fibers

A

Fasciculus

64
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

65
Q

(ex. Masseter - elevates lower jaw)

66
Q

(ex. Muscles in blood vessels)

67
Q

(ex. Cardiac sphincter in stomach, s ,sphincter in urinary bladder)

A

Sphinctor/constrictor

68
Q

(ex. Pectoralis -rotates arm)

69
Q

(ex. Depressor mandibuli)

70
Q

(ex. Dorsalis scapulae -extends arm)

ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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