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ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

-The study of tissues

A

HISTOLOGY

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2
Q

Group of similar cells performing a specific function

A

Tissues

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3
Q

Classifications of Animal
Tissues

A

Epithelial Tissues- protection, secretion,
sensation
 Connective Tissues - connection & support
 Muscular Tissues- movement
 Nervous Tissues- communication

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4
Q

protection, secretion, sensation

A

Epithelial Tissues

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5
Q
  • connection & support
A

 Connective Tissues

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6
Q
  • movement
A

 Muscular Tissues

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7
Q
  • communication
A

 Nervous Tissues

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8
Q

Epithelial Tissues characteristics:

A

➤cover the surface and internal cavities of the body
➤ provided with basal membrane may be simple or stratified
➤ form parts of sense organs
➤ give rise to gland structures

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9
Q

-1 layer; thin flat polygonal cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

e.g. in Air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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11
Q
  • several layers; polygonal cells
A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

eg. Skin, mouth lining, vaginal lining, esophageal lining

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q
  • 1 layer; cells are taller than wide
A

Simple columnar epithelium

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14
Q

e.g. in lining of intestine & upper part of respiratory tract

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

1 layer; cube-like

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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16
Q

e.g. in linings of kidney tubules; gland ducts

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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17
Q
  • provided with cilia; single layer but appear stratified although cells originate at the same base
A

Ciliated Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

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18
Q

in trachea; ducts of many glands

A

Ciliated Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

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19
Q

Functions: join other tissues; support the body & its organs; protect underlying organs

A

Connective Tissues

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20
Q

Connective tissues functions

A

Functions:

join other tissues
support the body & its organs
protect underlying organs

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21
Q

Most abundant type of tissue distributed in the body

A

Connective tissue

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22
Q

-produce fibers

A

fibroblasts

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23
Q

act as phagocytes

A

Macrophages

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24
Q

2 cells in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts
Macrophages

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25
Q

3 fibers in C.T

A

collagen (white)
elastic (yellow)
reticular

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26
Q

more branched forming delicate supporting network

A

Reticular

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27
Q

Contain elastin

A

Elastic

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28
Q

are thicker, occurring singly and are straight or branched but not wavy.

A

Elastic or yellow fibers

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29
Q

fine, long, usually unbranched, and occur in wavy bundles.

A

White or collagenous fibers/collagen

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30
Q
  • elastic yellow fibers (widely distributed under the epithelia of human body)
A

Loose/Areolar CT

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31
Q
  • densely packed collagen fibers (eg. tendons, ligaments, dermis of skin)
A

Dense/Fibrous CT

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32
Q

thick bundles of parallel elastic (yellow) fibers (in yellow ligaments of vertebral column; lung tissue & large arteries)

A

Elastic tissue

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33
Q
  • used to store fats (subcutaneous layer; pads around certain internal organs)
A

Adipose tissue

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34
Q
  • for transport of materials
A

Vascular tissue/Blood

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35
Q

-composed of formed elements & a liquid matrix (plasma)

A

Vascular tissue/Blood

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36
Q

carries oxygen

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

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37
Q
  • for immune system
A

Leucocytes (WBC)

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38
Q
  • for blood clotting; small ovoid or circular cells lacking nucleus
A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

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39
Q

3 formed elements in Vascular tissue/Blood

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leucocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)

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40
Q

Specialized Connective Tissue

A

Vascular tissue/Blood
Adipose tissue
Elastic tissue

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41
Q

2 Connective Tissue (CT) Proper

A

Loose/Areolar CT
Dense/Fibrous CT

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42
Q

Granulocytes/polymorphonuclear leucocytes

A

neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

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43
Q

multi-lobed nucleus (polymorphic)

A

neutrophil

44
Q

2-lobed nucleus

A

eosinophil

45
Q

with 3-lobed assuming an S-shaped nucleus

46
Q

Agranulocytes/mononuclear leucocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

47
Q

nucleus almost occupying the entire cell (20-25%)

elicits antibody response

A

Lymphocyte

48
Q

with bean-shaped nucleus (2-6%)

acts as phagocytes

49
Q

is often considered as a type or form of ct

50
Q
  • intercellular substance with inorganic substances
51
Q
  • substance is translucent; without fibers (in nose, larynx & trachea; end of long bones)
A

hyaline cartilage

52
Q
  • with branched elastic fibers (external ear, epiglottis)
A

elastic cartilage

53
Q
  • with unbranched collagenous fibers (intervertebral disks; pubic symphysis, disks of knee joint)
A

fibro-cartilage

54
Q

(structural & functional unit of a compact bone)

A

Osteon or Haversian System

55
Q

organized Into a number of circular units called Haversian canal systems

56
Q

-calcified (calcium hydroxyapatite & CaCO3)

A

Bone matrix

57
Q
  • bone cells found in cavities or lacunae
A

osteocytes

58
Q
  • synthesize org. components of the matrix
A

osteoblasts

59
Q
  • resorption & remodeling of bone tissues
A

osteoclasts

60
Q
  • concentric layers in matrix
61
Q
  • central cavity
A

Haversian canal

62
Q
  • cylindric spaces in matrix;
A

Canaliculi

63
Q

gives shape to the body

➤ for movement and locomotion

A

Muscular Tissues

64
Q

Typea of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal
Muscle
Cardiac

65
Q

striated and voluntary

66
Q
  • non-striated and involuntary
67
Q
  • striated and involuntary
68
Q

TYPES:
attached to skeleton elongated and filamentous
many nuclei per muscle cell
striated - Voluntary contraction

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

69
Q
  • walls of digestive tract
  • spindle-shaped or fusiform
  • one nucleus per cell
  • Non-striated - involuntary contraction
A

Smooth muscle tissue

70
Q
  • muscle tissue of the heart branch
  • elongated fibers that
  • One nucleus per cell (cell junctions are called intercalated disks) Striated
  • Involuntary contraction
A

Cardiac muscle tissue

71
Q

-muscle membrane

A

Sarcolemma/Plasmalemma

72
Q
  • muscle’s cytoplasm
A

Sarcoplasm

73
Q

-muscle’s endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

74
Q
  • “Muscle Cells “

the contractile cells of muscle tissues

A

Muscle Fibers

75
Q
  • are small contractile filaments located within the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
76
Q

consist of bands of alternating high and low refractive index giving the distinctive striped appearance of striated muscles

77
Q

Myofibril consists of two types of protein filaments:

A

Actin
Myosin

78
Q
  • “thick filaments”
79
Q

Thin filaments

80
Q

The thick filaments and the thin filaments within myofibrils overlap in a structured way, forming units called ____

A

Sarcomeres

81
Q
  • the functional (contractile) units of a myofibril;
A

Sarcomeres

82
Q
  • sheets or broad bands of fibrous connective tissue that cover the entire muscle organ
83
Q
  • cover adjacent muscle organs
A

Superficial fascia

84
Q
  • cover muscle organs found beneath
A

Deep Fascia

85
Q
  • surrounds the total bundle of many fascicles
A

Epimysium (Fascia)

86
Q
  • the fibrous sheath that surrounds and protects individual fascicles
A

Perimysium

87
Q
  • the fine connective tissue that surrounds and protects each individual muscle fibre (between fibers)
A

Endomysium

88
Q

specialized for reception and transmission of impulses

A

Nervous Tissues

89
Q

Controls and integrates all body activities within limits that maintain life

A

Nervous Tissues

90
Q

Three basic functions of Nervous Tissues

A
  1. sensing changes with sensory receptors 2. interpreting and remembering those changes
  2. reacting to those changes with effectors
91
Q
  • conduct impulses cell body/ SOMA - w/ large central nucleus
A

Neurons (nerve cell)

92
Q
  • conducts signals toward the cell body
93
Q
  • conducts signal away from the cell body
94
Q

supporting cells

A

Glial cells

95
Q

-for protection, support & nourishment

96
Q
  • maintain cells of peripheral nervous system
A

peripheral glial cells

97
Q

2 types of glial cells

A

neuroglia
peripheral glial cells

98
Q

3 Functional Types of Neurons

A

sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons

interneurons/association neurons

motor (effector or efferent) neurons

99
Q

= several dendrites & one axon most common cell type

A

multipolar

100
Q

= one main dendrite & one axon found in retina, inner ear & olfactory

A

bipolar neurons

101
Q

= one process only (develops from a bipolar) are always sensory neurons

A

unipolar neurons

102
Q

respond to envt - CNS

A

sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons

103
Q

sensory neurons - motor neurons

A

interneurons/association neurons

104
Q

connects other neurons permitting integration; located in spinal cord & brain

A

interneurons/association neurons

105
Q

CNS effector (eg. Muscle)

A

motor (effector or efferent) neurons

ZOOLOGY - MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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