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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body?

A

206 bones

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2
Q

What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

A

Axial and Appendicular Skeletons

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3
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

Long Bone, Short Bone, Flat Bone, Irregular Bone

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4
Q

Give an example of a long bone.

A

Bones of the arms and legs

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5
Q

What is the shape of a long bone?

A

Long and thin, longer than wide

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6
Q

Name an example of a short bone.

A

Carpal and tarsal bones

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7
Q

What defines flat bones?

A

Relatively thin and flattened, usually curved

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8
Q

Provide an example of a flat bone.

A

Ribs, scapula, sternum, skull

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9
Q

What is unique about irregular bones?

A

They do not conform to other bone types

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10
Q

Name an example of an irregular bone.

A

Vertebrae, pelvic girdle, facial bones

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11
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone embedded in a tendon

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12
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

Patella (kneecap)

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13
Q

What are the main structures of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis: tubular shaft, compact bone
Epiphysis: expanded ends, site of growth
Medullary cavity: contains yellow and red marrow

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14
Q

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

A

Tubular shaft forming the axis

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15
Q

What is contained in the medullary cavity of long bones?

A

Yellow and red bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

Site of bone growth in long bones

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17
Q

What separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses?

A

Epiphyseal line

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18
Q

What happens to the epiphyseal plate after growth?

A

It becomes the epiphyseal line

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19
Q

What are the two types of bone membranes?

A

Periosteum: protective outer membrane
Endosteum: delicate inner membrane

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20
Q

What is the function of the periosteum?

A

Protective membrane covering bone

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21
Q

What does the endosteum cover?

A

Internal surfaces of the bone

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22
Q

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

A

Forms the upright axis of the body

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24
Q

What does the skull protect?

A

Brain and sensory organs of the head

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25
What divides the nasal cavity?
Nasal septum
26
What are the two main parts of the skull?
Braincase and facial bones
27
What is the function of the facial bones?
Protect sensory organs and muscle attachment
28
What do the orbits contain?
Eyes
29
What are sinuses?
Air-filled cavities within a bone
30
What are the four types of sinuses?
Frontal sinus, Sphenoidal sinus, Maxillary sinus, Ethmoidal labyrinth
31
Why are sinuses important for posture?
They help maintain the head upright
32
What are ossicles?
Smallest bones in the body
33
What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?
Malleus, incus, stapes
34
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7 cervical vertebrae
35
What is the function of the vertebral column?
Supports and protects the spinal cord
36
What are the four major curvatures of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral/coccygeal
37
What are the components of the vertebral column?
Cervical vertebrae (7), Thoracic vertebrae (12), Lumbar vertebrae (5), Sacrum (5 fused), Coccyx (4 fused)
38
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12 thoracic vertebrae
39
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5 lumbar vertebrae
40
What is the sacrum composed of?
5 fused vertebrae
41
What is the coccyx commonly known as?
Tailbone
42
What separates adjacent vertebrae?
Intervertebral disks
43
Who commonly experiences lordosis?
Pregnant women
44
What is the function of cartilage between vertebrae?
Holds vertebrae together
45
What are floating ribs?
Ribs that do not connect to the sternum
46
How many phalanges are in each hand?
14 phalanges in each hand
47
What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
Sacrum and right/left coxal bones
48
What is the function of the lower extremity?
Holds the body towards the middle
49
What is lordosis?
Exaggeration of lumbar convexity
50
How does the body of the vertebrae change from superior to inferior?
Enlarges from superior to inferior
51
What does the ulna connect to?
Pinky finger
52
How many pairs of true ribs are there?
7 pairs of true ribs
53
What is the radius's position relative to the ulna?
Laterally located than the ulna
54
What connects true ribs to the sternum?
Straight connections to the thoracic vertebrae
55
How many pairs of false ribs are there?
5 pairs of false ribs
56
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?
Upper limb (humerus, ulna, radius), Lower limb (femur, tibia, fibula), Pelvic girdle
57
What is kyphosis?
Exaggeration of thoracic concavity
58
What do the coxal bones articulate with?
Symphysis pubis, sacrum, and femur
59
How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?
Has a larger pelvic inlet and outlet
60
What does scoliosis refer to?
Lateral bending of vertebrae
61
What is the sternum composed of?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
62
How many carpal bones are in the wrist?
8 carpal bones
63
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
Holds the upper extremity towards the midline Allows movement of the arm
64
What is the thoracic cage made up of?
12 pairs of ribs
65
Periosteum
protective outer membrane
66
Endosteum
delicate inner membrane

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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