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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body?

A

206 bones

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2
Q

What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

A

Axial and Appendicular Skeletons

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3
Q

What are the four types of bones?

A

Long Bone, Short Bone, Flat Bone, Irregular Bone

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4
Q

Give an example of a long bone.

A

Bones of the arms and legs

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5
Q

What is the shape of a long bone?

A

Long and thin, longer than wide

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6
Q

Name an example of a short bone.

A

Carpal and tarsal bones

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7
Q

What defines flat bones?

A

Relatively thin and flattened, usually curved

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8
Q

Provide an example of a flat bone.

A

Ribs, scapula, sternum, skull

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9
Q

What is unique about irregular bones?

A

They do not conform to other bone types

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10
Q

Name an example of an irregular bone.

A

Vertebrae, pelvic girdle, facial bones

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11
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone embedded in a tendon

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12
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

Patella (kneecap)

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13
Q

What are the main structures of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis: tubular shaft, compact bone
Epiphysis: expanded ends, site of growth
Medullary cavity: contains yellow and red marrow

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14
Q

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

A

Tubular shaft forming the axis

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15
Q

What is contained in the medullary cavity of long bones?

A

Yellow and red bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

Site of bone growth in long bones

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17
Q

What separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses?

A

Epiphyseal line

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18
Q

What happens to the epiphyseal plate after growth?

A

It becomes the epiphyseal line

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19
Q

What are the two types of bone membranes?

A

Periosteum: protective outer membrane
Endosteum: delicate inner membrane

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20
Q

What is the function of the periosteum?

A

Protective membrane covering bone

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21
Q

What does the endosteum cover?

A

Internal surfaces of the bone

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22
Q

What are the components of the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

A

Forms the upright axis of the body

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24
Q

What does the skull protect?

A

Brain and sensory organs of the head

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25
Q

What divides the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum

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26
Q

What are the two main parts of the skull?

A

Braincase and facial bones

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27
Q

What is the function of the facial bones?

A

Protect sensory organs and muscle attachment

28
Q

What do the orbits contain?

A

Eyes

29
Q

What are sinuses?

A

Air-filled cavities within a bone

30
Q

What are the four types of sinuses?

A

Frontal sinus, Sphenoidal sinus, Maxillary sinus, Ethmoidal labyrinth

31
Q

Why are sinuses important for posture?

A

They help maintain the head upright

32
Q

What are ossicles?

A

Smallest bones in the body

33
Q

What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

34
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

35
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A

Supports and protects the spinal cord

36
Q

What are the four major curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral/coccygeal

37
Q

What are the components of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical vertebrae (7), Thoracic vertebrae (12), Lumbar vertebrae (5), Sacrum (5 fused), Coccyx (4 fused)

38
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae

39
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5 lumbar vertebrae

40
Q

What is the sacrum composed of?

A

5 fused vertebrae

41
Q

What is the coccyx commonly known as?

A

Tailbone

42
Q

What separates adjacent vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral disks

43
Q

Who commonly experiences lordosis?

A

Pregnant women

44
Q

What is the function of cartilage between vertebrae?

A

Holds vertebrae together

45
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Ribs that do not connect to the sternum

46
Q

How many phalanges are in each hand?

A

14 phalanges in each hand

47
Q

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

A

Sacrum and right/left coxal bones

48
Q

What is the function of the lower extremity?

A

Holds the body towards the middle

49
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Exaggeration of lumbar convexity

50
Q

How does the body of the vertebrae change from superior to inferior?

A

Enlarges from superior to inferior

51
Q

What does the ulna connect to?

A

Pinky finger

52
Q

How many pairs of true ribs are there?

A

7 pairs of true ribs

53
Q

What is the radius’s position relative to the ulna?

A

Laterally located than the ulna

54
Q

What connects true ribs to the sternum?

A

Straight connections to the thoracic vertebrae

55
Q

How many pairs of false ribs are there?

A

5 pairs of false ribs

56
Q

What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Upper limb (humerus, ulna, radius), Lower limb (femur, tibia, fibula), Pelvic girdle

57
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Exaggeration of thoracic concavity

58
Q

What do the coxal bones articulate with?

A

Symphysis pubis, sacrum, and femur

59
Q

How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?

A

Has a larger pelvic inlet and outlet

60
Q

What does scoliosis refer to?

A

Lateral bending of vertebrae

61
Q

What is the sternum composed of?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

62
Q

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

A

8 carpal bones

63
Q

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

A

Holds the upper extremity towards the midline
Allows movement of the arm

64
Q

What is the thoracic cage made up of?

A

12 pairs of ribs

65
Q

Periosteum

A

protective outer membrane

66
Q

Endosteum

A

delicate inner membrane

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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