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Anatomy and Physiology > Anaphymuscular > Flashcards

Anaphymuscular Flashcards

1
Q

What is the strongest muscle for walking and posture?

A

Gastrocnemius

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2
Q

What is the role of an agonist muscle?

A

It causes a certain movement

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3
Q

What do synergists do in muscle movement?

A

They function together to produce movement

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4
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

The less movable end of a muscle attachment

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5
Q

Can muscles push?

A

No, they can only contract or relax

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6
Q

What happens during triceps contraction?

A

Biceps relax

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7
Q

What are the principles of muscle nomenclature?

A

Named by location (e.g., Pectoralis)
Named by size (e.g., Maximus, Minimus)
Named by shape (e.g., Deltoid)
Named by orientation (e.g., Rectus)
Named by number of heads (e.g., Biceps)
Named by function (e.g., Abductor)

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8
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

It aids in chewing

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9
Q

What do the temporalis and masseter muscles do?

A

They elevate the mandible

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10
Q

What is the function of the erector spinae muscles?

A

They extend, laterally flex, and rotate the vertebral column

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11
Q

What is the role of the digastric muscle?

A

It depresses the mandible

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12
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

A common spinal curvature disorder

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13
Q

What movements do neck muscles cause?

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion

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14
Q

What functions do abdominal wall muscles aid in?

A

Forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth

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15
Q

What muscles compose the abdominal wall?

A

Internal oblique, external oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis

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16
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm composed of?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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17
Q

What is the function of the external urethral sphincter?

A

Allows voluntary control of urination

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18
Q

What do external intercostals do?

A

Lift the rib cage for inspiration

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19
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

It aids in breathing

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20
Q

What is the primary role of thoracic muscles?

A

Involved in the process of breathing

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21
Q

What happens to muscle fibers during hypertrophy?

A

They increase in size

22
Q

What is atrophy in muscle tissue?

A

A decrease in muscle size

23
Q

What happens to muscle mass with aging?

A

50% of muscle mass is lost by age 80

24
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

A

It aids in inhalation by increasing thoracic volume

25
Q

What do pterygoid muscles do?

A

Move the mandible from side to side

26
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle cells?

A

Striated, involuntary, single nucleus

27
Q

What is the significance of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle?

A

They allow cardiac cells to function as a unit

28
Q

What does the pectoralis major do?

A

Flexes and extends the shoulder

29
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

30
Q

What does elasticity refer to in muscle tissue?

A

The ability to recoil to original length

31
Q

What do hamstring muscles do?

A

Flex the knee

32
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

Cause dorsiflexion, inversion, or eversion

33
Q

How does smooth muscle tone affect organ function?

A

Maintains steady tension despite volume changes

34
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for most body movements?

A

Skeletal muscle

35
Q

What do internal intercostals do?

A

Aid in forced expiration

36
Q

What is the role of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the arms

37
Q

How does psychological fatigue affect muscle performance?

A

It decreases the ability to do work

38
Q

What is contractility in muscle tissue?

A

The ability to shorten forcibly

39
Q

What is extensibility in muscle tissue?

A

The ability to be stretched or extended

40
Q

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

A

It provides energy for contraction and relaxation

41
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

42
Q

What does excitability refer to in muscle tissue?

A

The ability to respond to stimuli

43
Q

How can muscle mass loss due to aging be slowed?

A

By remaining physically active

44
Q

What is the primary characteristic of smooth muscle?

A

It is involuntary and non-striated

45
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle cells?

A

Elongated and striated fibers

46
Q

What is the primary function of the quadriceps?

A

Extends the knee

47
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Body movement (skeletal muscle)
Maintenance of posture (skeletal muscle)
Respiration (diaphragm, intercostal)
Production of body heat (skeletal muscle)
Communication (skeletal muscle)
Constriction of organs and vessels (smooth muscle)
Heartbeat (cardiac muscle)

48
Q

What is unique about cardiac muscle cells?

A

They are striated and involuntary

49
Q

What is the role of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Help hold the hip level while walking

50
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Act as synergists and fixators

51
Q

What are the differences between the anterior, posterior, and medial compartments of the thigh?

A

Anteriors flex, posteriors extend, medials adduct

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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