Sites and Tool Industries

Question 1

Louisbourg

Answer 1

Nova Scotia, CA. Late 18th century. French Fortress town. Oldest and largest arch. projects in CA.

Question 2

St. Marie among the Hurons

Answer 2

1639. CA. Jesuit mission that was part of the fur trade.

Question 3

Tai Forest

Answer 3

West Africa. CHIMPANZEES AND SHIT Using stone tools. Possibly cultural adaptation.

Question 4

Hadar

Answer 4

Ethiopia. Found: Fossil of Australopethecine (3.2 MYA) and Oldowan stone tools (2.6-1.7 MYA).

Question 5

Lokalalei

Answer 5

Kenya. 2.3 MYA. Core tools found - core refitting allowed archs. to recreate the rock and see how the flakes detached.

Question 6

Oldowan industry

Answer 6

2.3 MYA. Oldest industry. Choppers and flakes. Possibly the H. habilis, but hard to tell as other hominins were also around at time.

Question 7

Acheulean industry

Answer 7

1.76 MYA. Africa. Industry of the H. erectus. Handaxes and cleavers with clear tool designs - therefore capable of abstract thought and planning.

Question 8

DK1

Answer 8

Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. 1.8-1.6 MYA. Circle of lava blocks with animal bones and stone tools - possibly a base camp.

Question 9

FLK 1 North

Answer 9

Loduvai Gorge, Tanzania. 1.8-1.6 MYA. Lowest occupation lvl of site had an elephant carcass and stone tools.

Question 10

Dmanisi

Answer 10

Republic of Georgia (Eurasia). 1.8-1.7 MYA. Oldest known arch. site outside of Africa. Skulls found = variation within a single population. Barely any Oldowan and Acheulean tools

Question 11

Atapuerca

Answer 11

Spain. 700,000 BP. Earliest human fossils in Euro and stone tools

Question 12

Nihewan Basin

Answer 12

China. 1.8 MYA. Solid evidence of human occupation - simple stone tools.

Question 13

Levallois industry

Answer 13

200,000-30,000 BP. Neanderthals. Core = turtle on its back. Distinct flint-knapping = close control over flake removal.

Question 14

Blombos Cave

Answer 14

South Africa. 77,000 BP. Pieces of incised ochre - engraved with series of hatches and lines - purpose unclear, but possibly aesthetic or symbolic

Question 15

Hohlefels

Answer 15

Germany. 40,000 BP. Mammal bones and early art. Tools of Aurignacian industry found as well.

Question 16

Chauvet

Answer 16

France. 38-35,000 BP. Earliest known painted cave.

Question 17

Chatelperronian industry

Answer 17

40-35,000 BP. Transitional industry between Middle and Upper Paleolithic, found in France and N. Spain.

Question 18

Aurignacian industry

Answer 18

40-26,000 BP. Euro and Mid. E.

Question 19

Castanet

Answer 19

France. Crude Engraving in cave walls

Question 20

Howiesons Poort

Answer 20

S. Africa. 66-58,000 BP. Advanced stone tool of Mid. Paleo. Comparable to Euro Upper Paleo industries despite being hell of a lot older.

Question 21

Nauwalabila I

Answer 21

Australia. 53-60,000 BP. Oldest date of modern human activity outside of Africa (ie H. sapiens?)

Question 22

Pedra Furada

Answer 22

Brazil. 35-48,000 BP. Primitive stone industry, or geofacts?

Question 23

Monte Verde

Answer 23

Chile. 15,000 BP. Remains plus stone tools that weren’t Clovis. Suggests that arrival into Americas was before Clovis.

Question 24

Gaadu Din

Answer 24

Haiwa Gwaii!!! 11,500-12,700 BP. Bifacial tools but not Clovis industry

Question 25

Pedra Pintada

Answer 25

Amazon, Brazil. 13,000 BP. Same time as Clovis, but notably didn’t use Clovis tools - used own distinct industry.

Question 26

Clovis industry

Answer 26

13,500-12,500 BP. Bifacial tools with fluted points

Question 27

Folsom industry

Answer 27

AFTER CLOVIS. Flake taken out of center to create a depression. Created a kind of box cutter tool that can be retouched to recreate it.