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LARE SECTION 4 > SITE PREPARATION > Flashcards

SITE PREPARATION Flashcards

1
Q

The steepest angle at which loose material remains stationary without sliding down slope

A

Angle of Repose

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2
Q

Survey that locates all physical improvements on the land in relation to the boundary lines of the land

A

As-built survey

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3
Q

Original survey, resurvey, or retracement of public lands within the public land survey system of the United States for restoration of property lines

A

Cadastral Survey

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4
Q

Largest nonpoint water pollutant by volume

A

Sediment

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5
Q

5 contributing factors of soil erosoion

A
  1. Soil type
  2. Vegetative cover
  3. Topography
  4. Climate / Precipitation
  5. Wind
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6
Q

Erodibility of soils determined by (4) physical properties of the soil:

A
  1. Particle size and gradation
  2. Soil structure
  3. Permeability
  4. Organic content
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7
Q

Highly erodible soils

A

High content of silt

Fine Sand

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8
Q

Less erodible soils

A

Well-graded gravels and sand-gravels

Clayey soils (but clay that does erode will remain suspended, not ideal)

Soils w/ organic content

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9
Q

Model for estimating soil loss

A

Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
RUSLE

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10
Q

How vegetation helps to prevent soil erosion (3)

A
  1. Shields soil from impact of rain
  2. Slows runoff velocity through increased surface friction
  3. Root systems hold soil in place
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11
Q

Ways to reduce erosion caused by topographic conditions (4)

A
  1. Avoid steep slopes
  2. Limit gradient and length of slope
  3. Protect disturbed slopes as quickly as possible
  4. Consider how orientation will impact ability of vegetation to recover
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12
Q

Construction scheduling and erosion (2 issues)

A
  1. Construction should take place during relative dry periods (when possible)
  2. Construction schedule should be timed with optimal seeding period(s)
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13
Q

Detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, and gravity

A

Erosion

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14
Q

The process of settling or being deposited as sediment

A

Sedimentation

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15
Q

Erosion and Sediment Control Principles in construction (4)

A
  1. Minimize disturbance
  2. Control runoff
  3. Collect sediment
  4. Monitor construction
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16
Q

(5) Principals of minimizing construction disturbance

A
  1. Work with existing topography and preserve pre-development drainage patterns
  2. Restrict area of disturbance
  3. Cluster development
  4. Manage site construction (equipment movement and staging; thoughtful sequencing and phasing)
  5. Preserve existing vegetation, particularly woodlands
17
Q

(2) Methods of controlling runoff on construction sites

A
  1. Divert stormwater to prevent runoff from crossing disturbed / exposed soils
  2. Vegetative buffer strips (reduce runoff velocity) - if diversion is not feasible
18
Q

(5) Methods of collecting sediment on construction sites

A
  1. Sediment traps / basins*
  2. Inlet protection
  3. Silt fences / barriers
  4. Vegetative filter strips
  5. Stabilized construction access points
  • only sediment basins are suitable for substantial / concentrated flows
19
Q

Erosion Control: Runoff Control Measures (5)

A
  1. Diversions
  2. Waterways (natural / constructed channels to dispose of excess water)
  3. Slope protection structures (pipes / chutes that direct water down steep slopes)
  4. Grade control structures (chutes, weirs, pipe drop spillways)
  5. Outlet protection
20
Q

Erosion Control: Soil Stabilization Measures (5)

A

(Generally: Protect soil surface from impact of raindrops and of sheet or rill erosion)

  1. Divert flow
  2. Vegetation
  3. Retain ex. topsoil for reuse
  4. Reestablish vegetative cover asap
  5. Organic / inorganic mulch, gravel, structures stone, geotextile
21
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Good for small slumps that are frequently wet. Live rootable cuttings tamped into ground; create a stabilizing mat as roots grow; removes excess soil moisture through uptake

A

Live Staking

22
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Bundled branch cuttings; align branch and rooting ends; Helps to stabilize slopes, reduce erosion, and reduce face sliding; Placed in trenches parallel to the contour; anchored w/ live and dead stakes

A

Live Fascines

23
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Similar to live fascine but oriented perpendicular to the slope; More effective than live fascine for earth reinforcement and mass stability; Live branch cuttings layered in criss-cross perpendicular to the slope on excavated benches; then covered w/ soil

A

Brush Layering

24
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Brush layering w/ added live staking; Best for small, localized holes or slumps

A

Branch Packing

25
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Boxlike structure fabricated w/ untreated timber w/ layers of live branch cuttings and soil / other appropriate backfill. Used in lieu of low walls at bottom of slope to stabilize the toe; Branch cuttings should extend into the slope

A

Live Cribwall

26
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Prefabricated tubes of biodegradable material bound together by netting; used at top, toe, and face of a slope to intercept and slow runoff and remove sediment; Must be staked ; May also be used along streams, ponds, lakes; May be planted

A

Fiber Rolls

27
Q

Erosion Control - Biotechnical Measures:

Similar to fiber rolls but constructed with logs, is rigid, and longer lasting

A

Log Terraces

28
Q

Most effective strategy for minimizing erosion

A

Reduce area of disturbance

29
Q

TESC

A

Temporary Erosion and Sedimentation Plan

Often required by code

30
Q

Site Preparation, Typical Procedure (5)

Strom

A
  1. Protection of existing vegetation and structures
  2. Topsoil removal
  3. Erosion and sediment control
  4. Clearing and demolition
  5. Placement of grade stakes
31
Q

Erosion and Sediment Control Principles (4)

A
  1. Minimize disturbance
  2. Control Runoff
  3. Collect sediment
  4. Monitor construction
32
Q

(2) Categories of erosion control measures

A
  1. Runoff Control

2. Soil stabilization

33
Q

Sediment Control Measures

A
  1. Sediment basins
  2. Silt barriers / fences
  3. Vegetative filter strips
  4. Storm drain inlet protection
  5. Stone tracking pads at construction site entrances

LARE SECTION 4 (7 decks)

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