GENERAL PLANS and DETAILS (Not Inc. Grading + SW)

Question 1

Layout method for complex angular and curvilinear designs

Answer 1

Angles, bearings, and arcs

Question 2

Dimension lines are extended from an object at a ___ angle

Answer 2

90 degree

Question 3

Best pH for most plants

Answer 3

6.0 - 7.5

Question 4

Diameter of a tree 4” or less measured 6” above the ground

Answer 4

Caliper

Question 5

Layout Plan: Problem associated with under-dimensioning

Answer 5

Greater interpretation by the contractor / loss of control of the design

Question 6

Layout Plan: Problem associated with over-dimensioning

Answer 6

Greater potential for error or confusion; implies an inflexibility in accommodating field conditions

Question 7

Hierarchy of Dimensioning

Answer 7

Fixed dimensions > Semi-fixed dimensions > Flexible dimensions

Question 8

Dimension type that locates features w/ high level of accuracy; Usually for legal purposes; Typically located by a licensed land surveyor

Also BASELINES; defines features w/ semi-fixed locations

e.g. property lines, ROW, building locations, setbacks, and other aspects governed by code requirements)

Answer 8

Fixed dimensions

Question 9

Dimension type for points, lines, or planes located by fixed dimensions (baselines)

Used to locate most landscape improvements

Answer 9

Semi-Fixed Dimensions

Question 10

Dimension type used to locate site elements that do not require precision and / or may be adjusted based on field conditions

May uses ‘+/-‘ or ‘VIF’

Answer 10

Flexible Dimensions

Question 11

Dimensions that can be determined only after construction has progressed to a point where an actual measurement can be taken

Answer 11

Field Dimensions

Question 12

Level of precision is usually assumed to be:

Answer 12

½ of the smallest unit indicated

e.g 84’-3” = +/- ½” precision

When dimensions are provided as a decimal (e.g. 84.25ft, eg) assumed precision is ½ of the lowest decimal point (e.g. .005ft)

Degree of precision should reflect realistic tolerances that can achieved in construction of a particular feature / material

Question 13

Identifies the distance bw two points

Answer 13

Dimension Line

• Should be heavier in weight than dimension lines
• Should not be broken

Question 14

Extend at a right angle from the dimension line to the object measured

Answer 14

Extension Line

Should be lighter in weight than dimension lines

Question 15

Convention of locating dimension line labels

Answer 15

• Above the dimension line

- Read from bottom right hand side of sheet

Question 16

Horz. Layout Method:

Used when a considerable % of side elements are orthogonal to the Fixed Features (PL, new / ex. Building, etc)

Baselines (e.g. building walls) serve as reference points from which objects are measured

String / chain dimensions are closely associated w this method

Answer 16

Perpendicular Offsets

Question 17

Horz. Layout Method:

Often used w/ curvilinear elements that do not require a high degree of accuracy

Uses offsets at fixed intervals taken from a baseline to the edge or centerline of an element

Accuracy of the shape is limited by the offset interval

Answer 17

Baseline System

Question 18

Horz. Layout Method:

Distances provided along an X,Y axis to provide unique geographical positions of points from a known POB or PO (point of origin)

Answer 18

Coordinate System

Question 19

Horz. Layout Method:

Latitude (N-S); departure (E-W)
Either a bearing angle or a length is provided for ea. Point (but not both)

Answer 19

Latitude and Departure

Question 20

Horz. Layout Method:

Used for the layout of complex curvilinear designs

Bearing: direction of a line specified by a given angle bw the line and an established meridian

Arc: segment of a circle; defined by a center point, a radius and an internal angle; its end points and orientation must be defined

Answer 20

Angles, Bearings, and Arc

Question 21

Horizontal Curve Type:

Two curves in the same direction connected by a tangent; to be avoided in road design

Answer 21

Broken-back curve

Question 22

Horizontal Curve Type:

Single radius; most commonly used for low speed roads

Answer 22

Simple curve

Question 23

Horizontal Curve Type:

Two or more radii in the same direction; difference in the length of the radii should not be more than 50%

Answer 23

Compound

Question 24

Horizontal Curve Type:

Two arcs in opposite directions; usually requires a tangent between them

Length of tangent depends on road’s design speed

Answer 24

Reverse curve

Question 25

Horizontal Curve Type:

Typical curves for high speed roads entail a series of curves with a constantly changing radius

Answer 25

Spiral Transitional Curves

More difficult to calculate and lay out; typically not used by LAs since it is primarily for high speed roads

Question 26

Marks the beginning of the curve at which the road alignment diverges from the tangent line in the direction of stationing

Answer 26

Point of Curvature (PC)

Question 27

Marks the end of the curve at which the road alignment returns to a tangent line in the direction of stationing

Answer 27

Point of Tangency (PT)

Question 28

Where two tangent lines intersect

Answer 28

Point of Intersection (PI)

Question 29

Central angle of the curve; equal to the deflection angle between the tangents

Answer 29

Included Angle (I)

Question 30

Distant from the PI to either the PC or the PT; always equal for simple circular curves

Answer 30

Tangent Distance (T)

Question 31

Distance from PC to PT measured along a straight line

Answer 31

Chord (C)

Question 32

Point about which the included angle (I) is turned

Answer 32

Center of Curve (O)

Question 33

Used in surveying linear routes (e.g. streets, power lines, stationary storm sewers, etc)

Marked along a centerline from a starting point (0+00)

Full station intervals are indicated along a center line; key areas will also be indicated

Answer 33

Stationing

Question 34

In stationing, FULL stations are at ___ intervals

Answer 34

100 ft (represented at 1+00)

Question 35

In stationing, HALF stations are at ___ intervals

Answer 35

50 ft (represented at 0+50)

Question 36

Forward sight distance should not be ___

Answer 36

Less than the safe stopping distance for the design speed of the curve

Question 37

Banking / tilting to compensate for centrifugal forces acting on a vehicle as it travels around a curve

Answer 37

Superelevation

Question 38

BVC

Answer 38

Beginning of vertical curve

Question 39

PVI

Answer 39

Point of vertical intersection

Question 40

EVC

Answer 40

End of vertical curve

Question 41

(2) Types of Vertical Sight Distance

Answer 41

1. Safe stopping distance
2. Safe passing distance

(LA’s typically only address stopping distances)