SIRS/MODS/Sepsis

Question 1

What does DAMP stand for?

Answer 1

Damage-associated molecular pattern

Question 2

What are DAMPs made up of?

Answer 2

Histones, mitochondrial DNA, heat shock proteins

Question 2

DAMPs interact with the innate immune system by binding what type of receptor?

Answer 2

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)

Question 3

Where are DAMPs found?

Answer 3

On the surface of stressed, injured or dying cells

Question 4

What is another name for DAMPs

Answer 4

Alarmins

Question 5

What are some examples of DAMPs?

Answer 5

Heparan sulfate
Heat-shock proteins
Histones
Defensins
Syndecans
Glypicans

Question 6

Defensins, syndecans, glypicans bind which TLR?

Answer 6

TLR-4

Question 7

Histones bind which TLR?

Answer 7

TLR-2, TLR-4

Question 8

Heat shock proteins bind which receptors?

Answer 8

TLR-2, TLR-4, CD91

Question 9

Heparan sulfate binds which receptor?

Answer 9

TLR-4

Question 10

Which TLR can have DAMP-mediated activation?

Answer 10

TLRs 2, 3, 4, and 9

The ligand for TLR-5 is flagellin
TLR-7 and 8 are activated by pathogen RNA

Question 11

List some negative acute phase proteins

Answer 11

Albumin
Transferrin
Transthyretin
Antithrombin

Question 12

List some positive acute phase proteins

Answer 12

C-reactive protein
Serum amyloid P component
Serum amyloid A
Complement
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
Factor VIII
vWF
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Ferritin
Ceruloplasmin
LPS-binding protein