Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Parvo virus characteristics
Small
Nonenveloped
Single-stranded DNA virus
Replicates in the nucleus of rapidly dividing cells
Half-life of material CPV-2 antibodies
10 days
Neonates typically achieve an antibody titer of __-__% of the maternal antibody level
50-60%
Clinical signs of parvo typically develop ____ days after exposure
4-10 days post infection
Fecal viral shedding can be detected after ___ days post infection
4 days
Severe neutropenia (is/is not) an indicator of poor survival with Parvo
Is not
T/F: TNF-alpha levels associated with mortality in parvo
True
False negative fecal ELISA parvo test causes
Inadequate sample
Low levels of fecal antigen early in course of disease
Ab binding of CPV-2 Ag within GI tract
Dilutional effect of diarrhea
T/F: Administration of recombinant feline interferon omega is associated with significantly decreased mortality rates in dogs with CPV-2 enteritis.
True
T/F: Treatment with ostelamavir in patients with CPV-2 has not been associated with outcome, but has been associated with less weight loss in hospital and higher mean white blood cell count
True
Dogs who have recovered from CPV have been shown to shed the virus for up to ___ days after infection
54 days!!!
Parvovirus can exist in the environment for
1 year
Clostridial enterotoxins are active/functional in what part of the GI tract
The colon - mucosal injury and secretory diarrhea
Maropitant
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
Binding of receptor results in inhibition of Substance P (which plays a role in the development of emesis)
Central and peripheral causes of vomiting
Adverse effects of antibiotic therapy in dogs with gastroenteritis
Dysbiosis
Post-antibiotic Salmonellosis
Resistant bacteria
C. diff associated clinical signs
T/F: Famotidine CRI is more effective than pantoprazole on increasing gastric pH
True
Three broad categories of disease which are associated with GI bleeding
Diseases that result in ulcers
Diseases that result in coagulopathy
Diseases associated with vascular abnormalities
The most common cause of GI hemorrhage in dogs and cats
Ulceration
Most commonly reported risk factors for GI ulceration in dogs
NSAIDs
Hepatic disease
Most commonly reported risk factors in cats for GI ulceration
Neoplasia –> systemic mastocytosis, gastrinoma, intestinal lymphoma, adenocarcinoma
Factors that predispose patients to development of stress-induced ulceration
Hypovolemia
Hypoproalbuminemia
Surgery
Most commonly reported coagulation defect resulting in GI hemorrhage
Thrombocytopenia
Which clostridial enterotoxins may play a role in AHDS development
netE and netF
Artifactual causes of black/tarry stool
Pep-Bismol
Metronidazole
Activated charcoal
Diets high in iron
Chronic GI hemorrhage may result in
Microcytic, hypo chromic anemia Iron deficiency)
Intraluminal gastric pH neutralization may slow GI hemorrhage by _____
Promoting mucosal homeostasis
Regurgitation localizes disease to the ___ and ___
Esophagus +/- pharynx
The canine esophagus is made up of mostly ___ muscle
Striated muscle
The distal third of the cat esophagus is made up of ___ muscle
Smooth muscle
The vomiting reflex is mediated by the vomiting center in the _____
Medulla
The vomiting center also receives input from the brain (three parts)
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Vestibular system
Cerebrum
T/F: The chemoreceptor trigger zone lacks an intact BBB
True
Most common form of IBD
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic
Classifications of peritonitis
Septic vs. aseptic
Focal vs. diffuse
Acute vs. chronic
Primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary
Organsims most commonly isolated from patients with primary peritonitis (no identifiable source)
Gram positive
What percentage of cats had primary peritonitis (i.e. sepsis from no obvious source)
14-23%
Most common form of primary peritonitis in cats
FIP
Dogs with tertiary septic peritonitis (i.e. septic peritonitis that recurred after surgical intervention) had a mortality rate of ____%
56%
In cats, lactate levels at presentation and serially were/were not correlated with survival.
NOT
What volume of fluid lavage of the abdomen needs to be performed prior to closure
200-300 mL/kg
