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ACVECC Exam 2024 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Parvo virus characteristics

A

Small
Nonenveloped
Single-stranded DNA virus
Replicates in the nucleus of rapidly dividing cells

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2
Q

Half-life of material CPV-2 antibodies

A

10 days

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3
Q

Neonates typically achieve an antibody titer of __-__% of the maternal antibody level

A

50-60%

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4
Q

Clinical signs of parvo typically develop ____ days after exposure

A

4-10 days post infection

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5
Q

Fecal viral shedding can be detected after ___ days post infection

A

4 days

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6
Q

Severe neutropenia (is/is not) an indicator of poor survival with Parvo

A

Is not

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7
Q

T/F: TNF-alpha levels associated with mortality in parvo

A

True

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8
Q

False negative fecal ELISA parvo test causes

A

Inadequate sample
Low levels of fecal antigen early in course of disease
Ab binding of CPV-2 Ag within GI tract
Dilutional effect of diarrhea

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9
Q

T/F: Administration of recombinant feline interferon omega is associated with significantly decreased mortality rates in dogs with CPV-2 enteritis.

A

True

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10
Q

T/F: Treatment with ostelamavir in patients with CPV-2 has not been associated with outcome, but has been associated with less weight loss in hospital and higher mean white blood cell count

A

True

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11
Q

Dogs who have recovered from CPV have been shown to shed the virus for up to ___ days after infection

A

54 days!!!

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12
Q

Parvovirus can exist in the environment for

A

1 year

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13
Q

Clostridial enterotoxins are active/functional in what part of the GI tract

A

The colon - mucosal injury and secretory diarrhea

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14
Q

Maropitant

A

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
Binding of receptor results in inhibition of Substance P (which plays a role in the development of emesis)
Central and peripheral causes of vomiting

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15
Q

Adverse effects of antibiotic therapy in dogs with gastroenteritis

A

Dysbiosis
Post-antibiotic Salmonellosis
Resistant bacteria
C. diff associated clinical signs

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16
Q

T/F: Famotidine CRI is more effective than pantoprazole on increasing gastric pH

A

True

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17
Q

Three broad categories of disease which are associated with GI bleeding

A

Diseases that result in ulcers
Diseases that result in coagulopathy
Diseases associated with vascular abnormalities

18
Q

The most common cause of GI hemorrhage in dogs and cats

A

Ulceration

19
Q

Most commonly reported risk factors for GI ulceration in dogs

A

NSAIDs
Hepatic disease

20
Q

Most commonly reported risk factors in cats for GI ulceration

A

Neoplasia –> systemic mastocytosis, gastrinoma, intestinal lymphoma, adenocarcinoma

21
Q

Factors that predispose patients to development of stress-induced ulceration

A

Hypovolemia
Hypoproalbuminemia
Surgery

22
Q

Most commonly reported coagulation defect resulting in GI hemorrhage

A

Thrombocytopenia

23
Q

Which clostridial enterotoxins may play a role in AHDS development

A

netE and netF

24
Q

Artifactual causes of black/tarry stool

A

Pep-Bismol
Metronidazole
Activated charcoal
Diets high in iron

25
Q

Chronic GI hemorrhage may result in

A

Microcytic, hypo chromic anemia Iron deficiency)

26
Q

Intraluminal gastric pH neutralization may slow GI hemorrhage by _____

A

Promoting mucosal homeostasis

27
Q

Regurgitation localizes disease to the ___ and ___

A

Esophagus +/- pharynx

28
Q

The canine esophagus is made up of mostly ___ muscle

A

Striated muscle

29
Q

The distal third of the cat esophagus is made up of ___ muscle

A

Smooth muscle

30
Q

The vomiting reflex is mediated by the vomiting center in the _____

A

Medulla

31
Q

The vomiting center also receives input from the brain (three parts)

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Vestibular system
Cerebrum

32
Q

T/F: The chemoreceptor trigger zone lacks an intact BBB

A

True

33
Q

Most common form of IBD

A

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic

34
Q

Classifications of peritonitis

A

Septic vs. aseptic
Focal vs. diffuse
Acute vs. chronic
Primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary

35
Q

Organsims most commonly isolated from patients with primary peritonitis (no identifiable source)

A

Gram positive

36
Q

What percentage of cats had primary peritonitis (i.e. sepsis from no obvious source)

A

14-23%

37
Q

Most common form of primary peritonitis in cats

A

FIP

38
Q

Dogs with tertiary septic peritonitis (i.e. septic peritonitis that recurred after surgical intervention) had a mortality rate of ____%

A

56%

39
Q

In cats, lactate levels at presentation and serially were/were not correlated with survival.

A

NOT

40
Q

What volume of fluid lavage of the abdomen needs to be performed prior to closure

A

200-300 mL/kg

41
Q
A

ACVECC Exam 2024 (26 decks)

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