SIR ROWEE FINALS

Question 1

is a study that obtains data from every member of a population. In
most studies, is not practical, because of the cost and/or time required.

Answer 1

Census:

Question 2

is a study that obtains data from a subset of a
population, in order to estimate population attributes.

Answer 2

Sample survey:

Question 3

is a controlled study in which the researcher attempts to
understand cause-and-effect relationships.

Answer 3

Experiment:

Question 4

the researcher compares group scores on some dependent variable.

Answer 4

analysis phase,

Question 5

attempt to understand
cause-and-effect relationships.

Answer 5

Observational study:

Question 6

When the population is large, a sample survey has a big resource advantage
over a census.

Answer 6

 Resources.

Question 7

refers to the appropriateness of applying findings
from a study to a larger population.

Answer 7

Generalizability.

Question 8

requires random selection.

Answer 8

Generalizability

Question 9

Cause-and-effect relationships can be teased out when subjects are
randomly assigned to groups.

Answer 9

Causal inference.

Question 10

refers to the way that observations are selected from a population to be in
the sample for a sample survey.

Answer 10

Sampling method

Question 11

is the true value of apopulation attribute

Answer 11

Population parameter.

Question 12

is an estimate, based on sample data, of a population
parameter.

Answer 12

Sample statistic.

Question 13

we do not know the
probability that each population element will be chosen, and/or we cannot be sure that
each population element has a non-zero chance of being chosen.

Answer 13

non-probability sampling methods,

Question 14

Non-probability sampling methods offer two potential advantages -

Answer 14

convenience and cost.

Question 15

is made up of people who self-select into the
survey.

Answer 15

Voluntary sample.

Question 16

is made up of people who are easy to
reach.

Answer 16

Convenience sample.

Question 17

the population is divided into groups, based on some characteristic.
Then, within each group, a probability sample (often a simple random sample) is selected.

Answer 17

a. Stratified sampling Method

Question 18

every member of the population is assigned to one, and only one, group.
Each group is called a cluster.

Answer 18

cluster sampling,

Question 19

we select a sample by using combinations of different sampling
methods.

Answer 19

Multistage Sampling

Question 20

we create a list of every member of the population.

Answer 20

systematic random sampling,

Question 21

a researcher manipulates one or more variables, while holding all other
variables constant.

Answer 21

experiment,

Question 22

(also called a factor) is an explanatory
variable manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 22

Independent variable.

Question 23

refers to steps taken to reduce the effects of extraneous variables

Answer 23

CONTROL

Question 24

refers to the practice of using chance methods

Answer 24

Randomization.

Question 25

refers to the practice of assigning each treatment to many
experimental units.

Answer 25

Replication.

Question 26

occurs when the experimental controls do not allow the experimenter to
reasonably eliminate plausible alternative explanations for an observed relationship between
independent and dependent variables.

Answer 26

Confounding