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MIDTERMS 2ND YEAR 2ND SEM > ITEC 90 (SIR TABERNA) > Flashcards

ITEC 90 (SIR TABERNA) Flashcards

1
Q

e-commerce, banking, inventorying, telecommunications, archiving, health

A
  • Commercial
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2
Q

– critical infrastructure, homeland security, policing

A
  • Social
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3
Q

email, chat, videoconferencing, social networking, entertainment

A
  • Human interaction/communication
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4
Q

– Network every (electronic) device (computers, phones, sensors, planes, cars, TVs, appliances, heart monitors, …)

A

Modern trend

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5
Q

A system that carries a commodity between 2 or more entities

A

Network

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6
Q

A system that carries information between 2 or more entities, in the form of electric signals

A

Computer network

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7
Q

The task of connecting nodes via links, so that nodes can exchange information, reliably, timely, efficiently, safely, privately, “greenly”, and with low cost

A

Network Design

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8
Q

Applications

A
  • WWW, email, chat, videoconferencing, e-commerce, audio/video streaming, VOIP, file sharing
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9
Q

Who deploys the network

A
  • Enterprise, government, end-user
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10
Q

Where is the network deployed

A
  • Home, building, campus, state, country, continent, globe
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11
Q

think again a transportation network

A

Metrics ()

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12
Q

How many cars can it service

A

-(throughput)?-

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13
Q

How fast can it service them

A

delay-

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14
Q

collisions, losses, outage probabilities, etc

A
  • How reliable can it service them
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15
Q

Can it provide any guarantees

A

(QoS)quality of service-

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16
Q

Each node is directly connected to all others via a link

A

Point-to-point links:

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17
Q

All nodes share the same physical medium

A

Multiple access

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18
Q

A dedicated circuit is established across a set of links

A

Circuit-Switched

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19
Q

Circuit-Switched

A

Packet-Switched

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20
Q

End-to-end permanent connection

A

Circuit-Switched Networks

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21
Q

Once communication is complete, connection is ended and links are released.

A

Circuit-Switched Networks

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22
Q
  • Dedicated path for communication
  • No need for a destination address since a path is already established
A

Circuit-Switched Networks

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23
Q
  • Predictable bitrate and delay
  • Good for delay-sensitive applications
A
  1. Guaranteed bandwidth (Quality of Service)
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24
Q
  • Rare packet loss
  • Packets are delivered in order
A
  1. Reliable communication
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25
Q
  • Forwarding based on time slot or frequency (multiplexing)
  • No need to inspect a packet header for address
A
  1. Simple data routing
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26
Q
  • Forwarding based on time slot or frequency
  • No IP (and TCP/UDP) header on each packet
A
  1. Low per-packet overhead
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27
Q

Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
- Bursty traffic leads to idle connection during silent period

A
  1. Wasted bandwidth
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28
Q

Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
- Connection refused when resources are not sufficient
- Unable to offer “okay” service to everybody

A
  1. Blocked connections
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29
Q

Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
- No communication until the connection is set up
- Unable to avoid extra latency for small data transfers

A
  1. Connection set-up delay
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30
Q

Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
- Network nodes must store per-connection information
- Unable to avoid per-connection storage and state

A
  1. Network state
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31
Q
  • Each packet contains identification info (source/destination address seq. number, etc)
A

Packet Switched Networks

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32
Q

Advantages of Packet Switching
- Links are not reserved during idle period

A
  1. No wasted bandwidth
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33
Q

Advantages of Packet Switching
- Frequency, time, statistical multiplexing

A
  1. Multiplexing (see next slides)
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34
Q

Advantages of Packet Switching
- More connections of lesser quality
- No blocking of users

A
  1. Service
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35
Q

Advantages of Packet Switching
- Can adapt to network congestion and failures

A
  1. Adaptation
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36
Q

Disadvantages of Packet Switching
- Harder to build applications requiring QoS

A
  1. No guaranteed bandwidth
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37
Q

Disadvantages of Packet Switching
- Need a header with source/dest. address, etc

A
  1. Per packet overhead
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38
Q

Disadvantages of Packet Switching
- Packets can be lost, corrupted or delivered out-of-order

A
  1. Complex end-to-end control
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39
Q

Disadvantages of Packet Switching
- No congestion control, can lead to arbitrary delays and packet drops

A
  1. Delay and Congestion
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40
Q

Three pairs of senders/receivers share the same physical link to communicate

A

Multiplexing

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41
Q

Multiplexing Methods

A

-Time Division Multiplexing
-Frequency Division Multiplexing
-Statistical multiplexing

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42
Q
  • Division of the communication medium into a number of channels of variable bandwidth
A

Statistical multiplexing

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43
Q
  • A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.
  • The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet.
  • The connection between computers can be done via cabling, most commonly the Ethernet cable, or wirelessly through radio waves
A

Computer Networks

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44
Q
  • Also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are physical devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network.
A

Network Hardware

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45
Q
  • It is designed to help set up, manage, and/or monitor computer networks.
A

Network Software

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46
Q
  • Also called as Communicating Devices
  • Network Devices are components used to connect computers or other electronic devices together so they can share files or resources like printers or fax machines.
  • Devices used to setup a Local Area Network (LAN) are the most common
A

Network Devices

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47
Q
  • NIC (Network Interface Card)
  • Repeater
  • Hub
  • Modem
  • Server
  • Switch
A

type of network devices used by the public

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48
Q
  • The ___ provides a device with the physical connection to the network. NICs can provide connections for any type of networking media, including wireless media. Not only do servers and workstations have NICs, so do network printers and all other network devices.
  • It has specific MAC Address (48 bit)
  • Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area network.
A

Network Interface Card

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49
Q
  • Network repeaters regenerate incoming electrical, wireless or optical signals.
  • With physical media like Ethernet or Wi-Fi, data transmissions can only span a limited distance before the quality of the signal degrades.
A

Repeater

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50
Q
  • A repeater can connect different types of media (such as coax to twisted pair).
  • Repeaters extend the distance a network can reach.
  • Repeaters do not increase network traffic.
A

Advantages OF REPEATER

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51
Q
  • A repeater extends the collision domain.
  • Repeaters cannot filter information, so the same information goes to all nodes.
  • Repeaters cannot connect different logical network architectures.
  • A network can include only a limited number of repeaters
A

DISADVANTAGES OF REPEATER

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52
Q

are devices used to link several computers together.
- They repeat any signal that comes on one port and copy it to other ports (a process that is also called broadcasting)
- A _____is the central point of connection for cable segments in a physical star topology. Technically, a hub is a multiport repeater for use with twisted pair cable.
- Hubs and switches serve as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data. When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC.

A

Hub

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53
Q
  • They are cheap and readily available.
  • They are easy to deploy and maintain.
  • They can connect media operating at different speeds.
A

Advantages OF HUB

54
Q
  • Hubs can’t filter the information passing through them so all packets transmit to all segments (all connected devices).
  • Collision of Data.
  • It will broadcast to all the ports
A

DISADV OF HUB

55
Q

– simply connect all ports together electrically and are usually not powered.

A
  1. Passive Hub
56
Q

use electronics to amplify and clean up the signal before it broadcast to the other ports.

A
  1. Active Hub
57
Q
  • Short for MODulator/DEModulator
  • A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines.
A

Modem

58
Q

is a Modem that is built onto the computer motherboard. These Modems cannot be removed.
-a modem that comes as an expansion board you can insert into a computer

A

Onboard Modem

59
Q

connects to a PCI slot inside a newer desktop computer or ISA slot on an older computer.

A

Internal Modem

60
Q

is located within a box and is hooked up externally to the computer, usually the Serial Ports or USB port. The picture is an example of an external USRobotics Modem.

A

External Modem

61
Q

is modem that is installed outside of the CPU and is used with older laptops PCMCIA slot.
-External modem connected to the CPU via the COM port or USB

A

Removable Modem

62
Q
  • A computer or device on a network that manages network resources.
A

Server

63
Q

a computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server.

A
  • File server
64
Q

a computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic.

A
  • Print server
65
Q

a computer system that processes database queries

A
  • Database server
66
Q
  • Switches are actually multiport bridges that function at the Data Link layer of theOSI model.
  • It uses a database of MAC addresses to determine where computers are located and very efficiently send packets only where they need to go.
  • Each switch port has a separate collision domain
A

Switch

67
Q
  • They limit the collision domain.
  • They can segment the network into multiple segments with separate collision domains.
  • They support intelligent management capabilities.
  • They can limit broadcast traffic propagated between segments.
A

Advantages OF SWITCH

68
Q
  • They are typically more expensive than a hub of the same size.
  • Some switches are complex and difficult to configure.
  • Additional optional functionality can add to the potential complexity.
A

Disadvantages OF SWITCH

69
Q
  • A bridge is a product that connects a local area network (LAN) to another local area network that uses the same protocol (for example, Ethernet)
A

Bridge

70
Q

is a device that forwards data packets along networks
- However, they are smaller than bridges because they are more intelligent devices; as such, they analyze every packet, causing packet- forwarding delays. Because of this intelligence, they are more expensive.
- Routers connect different network segments that may be located in the same building or thousands of miles apart. They can connect different types of networks, such as Token Ring and Ethernet networks, or using different routed protocols.
- The router changes the packet’s size, format, and addressing to fi t the type of destination network on which the packet is being sent. They use the network address and the IP address in the TCP/IP environment, for example, to determine the best path for the packet to take to reach the destination quickly.

A

Router

71
Q

connect networks

A

 Routers

72
Q

create a network

A

 Switches

73
Q

links computers to the Internet, so users can share the connection

A

router

74
Q

acts as a dispatcher, choosing the best path for information to travel so it’s received quickly.

A

router

75
Q
  • A device that adds wireless connectivity to a laptop or desktop computer.
A

Wi-Fi Card

76
Q

the layer closest to transport medium

A

physical

77
Q

The most common resource shared today is

A

connection to the Internet.

78
Q

is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.

A

computer network

79
Q

The connection between computers can be done via

A

cabling

80
Q

most commonly the Ethernet cable

A

cabling

81
Q

WWW, email, chat, videoconferencing, e-commerce, audio/video streaming, VOIP, file sharing, are example of?

A

APPLICATION

82
Q

is the central point of connection for cable segments in a physical star topology. Technically, a hub is a multiport repeater for use with twisted pair cable

A

HUB

83
Q

They repeat any signal that comes on one port and copy it to other ports (a process that is also called broadcasting)

A

HUB

84
Q

serve as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data. When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC.

A

Hubs and switches

85
Q

carry your data

A

FRAMES

86
Q

When a frame is received, it is ______ and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC.

A

amplified

87
Q

provides a device with the physical connection to the network. NICs can provide connections for any type of networking media, including wireless media

A

NIC

88
Q

is a physical and data link layer technology for local area network.

A

ETHERNET

89
Q

type of network devices used by the public

A

NIC (Network Interface Card)
Repeater
Hub
Modem
Server
Switch

90
Q

Advantages OF HUB

A

They are cheap and readily available.
They are easy to deploy and maintain.
They can connect media operating at different speeds.

91
Q

ADVANTAGES OF REPEATER

A

A repeater can connect different types of media (such as coax to twisted pair).
Repeaters extend the distance a network can reach.
Repeaters do not increase network traffic.

92
Q

Advantages OF SWITCH

A

Q
They limit the collision domain.
They can segment the network into multiple segments with separate collision domains.
They support intelligent management capabilities.
They can limit broadcast traffic propagated between segments.

93
Q

is flow priority for computer network

A

HOV lane of transport netwrok

94
Q

street address for computer network

A

ip address

95
Q

payload for computer network

A

people of transport network

96
Q

broadband for computer network

A

highway/ path

97
Q

routing algorhitim for cpmputer network

A

following a route network

98
Q

is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines

A

MODEM

99
Q

known as node address

A

network tree

100
Q

a base 2 numbersing system

A

binary

101
Q

the subnet mask determines the network version and host portion

A

newer technology

102
Q

value of the first octet determines thenetwork portion and the host portion determines

A

older technology

103
Q

a special addres

A

broadcast address

104
Q

the address assigned

A

host address

105
Q

other called is subnet mask

A

prefix length

106
Q

used to identufy the network and host portion

A

subnet mask

107
Q

used efficiently in various situations

A

address classes

108
Q

all are real numbers

A

number system

109
Q

all digit start with 0

A

0

110
Q

a base-n number system has 10 og digits

A

decimal

111
Q

base 2 has 2 digits

A

binary

112
Q

base-16 has 16 digits

A

hexadecimal

113
Q

the first column is always the number of 1’s

A

1’s

114
Q

internet and most internal workd

A

classless ip addressing

115
Q

have all 0’s in the host portion

A

network address

116
Q

have all 1’s in the host portion

A

broadcast address

117
Q

cannot have 0’s and 1’s in the host

A

host adresses

118
Q

subnet mask has

A

32

119
Q

other called for prefix length

A

IP subnet mask length

120
Q

subnet mask has two portion

A

network and host

121
Q

unique combination 0’s and 1’s in the host portion of the address

A

subnet

122
Q

in 16-bit available how many possible addresses

A

2 raise to 16

123
Q

in 8-bit available how many possible addresses

A

2 raise to 8

124
Q

connected to a computer used as communication

A

ip address

125
Q

was in various testing until mid-2000’s

A

IPV6

126
Q

has 18 million addreses

A

private network

127
Q

has 270 million addresses

A

multicast

128
Q

organization reviewed the internet protocol

A

IETF

129
Q

ip address two parts:

A

network number,
host number

130
Q

to represent the value of each byte

A

DOTTED NOTATION

131
Q

THE ADDRESSES ASSIGNED

A

HOST ADDRESS

132
Q

USED EFFICIENTLY IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

A

ADDRESS CLASSES

MIDTERMS 2ND YEAR 2ND SEM (11 decks)

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