SIPCEP Flashcards
WHAT IS THE MAIN ISSUE WITH HAIS
healthcare associated infections
antimicrobial resistance
WHAT ARE THE 10 SIPCS
PPE safe management of care environment - blood and bodily fluid spillages - linen - care equipment safe disposal of waste respiratory and cough hygiene hand hygiene chain of infection occupational safety
WHAT ARE THE LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
infectious agent reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host
WHO IS A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
lowered immune system due to ; old age - declining young - underdeveloped diseases drugs breaks in skin tubes into body
HOW FAR CAN A SNEEZE TRAVEL
5+m
HOW FAR CAN A COUGH TRAVEL
2m
WHAT PREVENTS PEOPLE DOING HAND HYGIENE
poor role models, irritated hands, resources not available, not enough time/other priorities, disruptions, overusing disposable gloves
WHEN TO USE NON-ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP OVER ABHR
when hands are visibly soiled
when there is a GI disease involved
when you have a build up of ABHR on your hands
WHATS THE DIFFERENCE IN DEFENCE BETWEEN SOAP AND ABHR
ABHR is more effective but not to as many bugs as soap such as gastro ones
5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE
before touching patient
before an aseptic procedure
after touching patient / their surroundings
after a blood or bodily fluid spillage
WHAT ARE THE 5 PPE
non-sterile disposable gloves sterile disposable gloves footwear visor/mask/goggles disposable apron
WHEN DO YOU WEAR DISPOSABLE GLOVES
blood / bodily fluids
mucous membrane
cleaning products
chronic wounds
WHEN DO YOU WEAR A DISPOSABLE APRON
direct care to a person
direct contact w blood / bodily fluid
cleaning products
person with an infection
A WAY TO ASSESS IF YOU NEED PPE
if there is a possibility of contact with with blood or bodily fluid
or with splashing
DONNING PPE
hand hygiene apron mask eye protection gloves
DOFFING PPE
gloves apron eye protection mask hand hygiene
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIND A BLOOD OR BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE
cordon it off/stay with it assess the type of spillage - algorithm collect the equipment PPE disinfect and clean
WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A URINE SPILLAGE
soak up with paper towels
use a gelling agent
chlorine 1000ppm solution (sodium hypochlorite)
manufacturers instructions for how long
use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene
WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A BLOOD SPILLAGE
chlorine granules directly on / 10000ppm chlorine solution
3 mins / manufacturers instructions
discard waste into a healthcare waste bag
use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene
HOW MUCH PPM CHLORINE IS USED ON FAECES/VOMIT/SPUTUM
1000ppm av Cl
WHY IS A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF CHLORINE REQUIRED FOR BLOOD SPILLAGES
higher BBV risk
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CHLORINE SOLUTION USED
sodium hypochlorite
WHAT EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED FOR A BLOOD/BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE
healthcare waste bag PPE - gloves, apron paper towels general detergent solution chlorine solution (depends on spillage type) gelling agent - if urine
WHAT PPE IS REQUIRED FOR CLEANING A SPILLAGE
gloves
apron
contact with blood/ bodily fluid
WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES OF DECONTAMINATION
cleaning = physical dirt removal, detergent disinfection = decreased no. micro-organisms, chemical disinfectant sterilisation = removes all micro-organisms, heat/chemical disinfectant
WHAT ARE THE 4 CATAGORIES OF CARE EQUIPMENT
single use
single patient use = re-used on same patient
re-usable invasive = re-used items after decontaminated
re-useable non-invasive = re-used communal items after decontaminated, have a schedule to clean
WHAT WIPES ARE COMMONLY USED ON REUSEABLE NON INBASIVE EQUIPMENT
70% isopropyl
HIGHEST TO LOWEST INFECTION RISK OF THINGS TO CONTACT
broken skin / body cavity
mucous membrane
in tact skin
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE EQUIPMENT
commonly clinical staff
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE ENVIRONMENT
cleaning/domestic staff
WHAT DO THE 4 CLEANING PRODUCT COLOURS MEAN
blue = general wards and public places green = food red = bathroom yellow = isolated areas and ambulances
WHAT SHOULD A CLEANING SCHEDULE TELL YOU
whats been cleaned
who cleaned it
when it was cleaned
when it should next be cleaned
ADVANTAGE OF A CLEANIING SCHEDULE
staff satisfaction
prevents duplication of error
HOW OFTEN SHOULD CLEANING SOLUTIONS BE CHANGED
30 mins
DEFINE SIGNIFICANT INCIDENT
contact with blood/ bodily fluids
DEFINE SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURE
contact with blood/ bodily fluids where source is known to/found to have a BBV
TYPES OF SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS
percutaneous injury = sharps
broken skin exposure
mucous membrane exposure
DEFINE SHARPS
anything that can break the skin
needles, teeth, instruments, bone fragments
RISK OF CONTRACTING THE THREE BBV
hep B = 1/3 / 30%
hep C = 1/30 / 3%
HIV = 1/300 / 0.3%
TREATING EACH BBV
hep B = a vaccine / PEP if no vaccine response
hep C = no vaccine / no PEP / but there are good treatments
HIV = no vaccine / PEP ASAP
WHAT ARE EXPOSURE PRONE PROCEDURES
staff with BBV have a gloved finger not visible when near a sharp in body of patient
SHARPS RULES
dont fill above line dont have open when not in use dont put bin on floor dont put hand into bin dont walk around with exposed sharps dispose of used sharp immediately ask for assistance with an uncooperative patient dont pass sharps to someone else
WAYS TO PREVENT SHARPS INJURIES
follow sharps rules avoid sharps where possible use 'safer' sharps where possible cover cuts PPE keep sharps containers at safe heights never resheath needle
SHARPS FIRST AID PROCEDURE
stop make sharp safe again encourage bleeding wash with warm water and non-antimicrobial soap dry waterproof dressing tell senior call occupational health follow advice which might mean getting bloods
MUCOUS MEMBRANE SPLASH PROCEDURE
rinse eye with water / eye wash kits
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFELY DISPOSING OF WASTE
your duty of care to others
costs
regulations
3 CATAGORIES OF WASTE AND THIER COLOUR
domestic waste - black
healthcare waste - orange, yellow, blue
special/hazardous - red, purple
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE AND THEIR COLOURS
clinical = orange lid yellow bin hygiene = orange bag medicinal = blue lid yellow bin
WHAT DOES THE YELLOW COLOUR WASTE MEAN
high risk / ethical
WHAT DOES THE ORANGE WASTE STREAM MEAN
low risk
HOW DOES GIVING SOMEONE ANTIBIOTICS CAUSE CLOSTRIDUM DIFFICILE
because antibiotics kill both good and bad bacteria and CD can lie dormant and now can multiply and release toxins
happens day 4-9 after started the antibiotics
RISK FACTORS FOR C.DIFF
previous antibiotic exposure old long hospital stays underlying diseases surgery
SYMPTOMS OF C DIFF
diarrhoea ab cramp frequent stool fever increased WBC colitis
DEFINITION OF DIARRHOEA
3+ loose stools a day
HOW DOES C.DIFF SPREAD
spores
through faeces
HOW TO TREAT C.DIFF
oral metronidazole
vancomycin
HOW TO STOP SPREAD OF C.DIFF
isolate patient stop appropriate antibiotics PPE decontaminate environment daily w 1000ppm av Cl wash hands with soap not ABHR
COMMON SHARPS INJURIES
during IDB - into thumb adjusting posts of CoCr dentures out the mouth burs/ultrasonic tips left in handpieces slipping luxators unsheathed needles left on messy tray
WHY CHECK THE PERSON WITH THE SHARPS INJURY HBV LEVEL AT THE TIME
so we can know whether it was the incident that caused it or not
WHEN WOULD PEP BE REQUIRED
when the sources blood is high risk
HOW SOON SHOULD PEP BE GIVEN
ASAP but within 72 hours
WHAT IS HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBIN
a drug that is a recommended addition to the hep B vaccine for PEP of hep B
WHICH MEDICATION IS USED FOR HIV PEP
anti-retroviral medication
anti HIV basically
SIDE EFFECTS OF HIV PEP
headache
fever
nausea
HOW LONG SHOULD YOU CHECK UP ON BBV EXPOSURE/PEP STARTED
12 weeks
if the test is negative now there is high confidence that they don’t have a BBV
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO ON A BLOOD SOURCE PERSON OF A SHARPS INJURY
risk assessment
if answer Q4-10 as Yes then high risk of BBV
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DATIX FORM IS FILLED OUT
injured person goes on affected person list
dentist/student name/number added as a witness and to the summary of the event
WHY MUST THE BBV RISK ASSESSMENT FORM BE DESTROYED AFTER OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
as BBV person doesn’t have to disclose that they have a BBV - its confidential
WHAT OTHER CHEMICAL CAN BE USED TO CLEAN BLOOD SPILLAGES
dichloroisocyanurate
