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SIPCEP Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN ISSUE WITH HAIS

A

healthcare associated infections

antimicrobial resistance

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE 10 SIPCS

A 
PPE
safe management of care environment 
- blood and bodily fluid spillages 
- linen 
- care equipment 
safe disposal of waste 
respiratory and cough hygiene 
hand hygiene 
chain of infection
occupational safety
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

A 
infectious agent 
reservoir 
portal of exit 
mode of transmission 
portal of entry 
susceptible host
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4
Q

WHO IS A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

A 
lowered immune system due to ; 
old age - declining 
young - underdeveloped 
diseases 
drugs 
breaks in skin 
tubes into body
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5
Q

HOW FAR CAN A SNEEZE TRAVEL

A

5+m

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6
Q

HOW FAR CAN A COUGH TRAVEL

A

2m

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7
Q

WHAT PREVENTS PEOPLE DOING HAND HYGIENE

A

poor role models, irritated hands, resources not available, not enough time/other priorities, disruptions, overusing disposable gloves

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8
Q

WHEN TO USE NON-ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP OVER ABHR

A

when hands are visibly soiled
when there is a GI disease involved
when you have a build up of ABHR on your hands

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9
Q

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE IN DEFENCE BETWEEN SOAP AND ABHR

A

ABHR is more effective but not to as many bugs as soap such as gastro ones

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10
Q

5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE

A

before touching patient
before an aseptic procedure
after touching patient / their surroundings
after a blood or bodily fluid spillage

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 PPE

A 
non-sterile disposable gloves
sterile disposable gloves 
footwear 
visor/mask/goggles 
disposable apron
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12
Q

WHEN DO YOU WEAR DISPOSABLE GLOVES

A

blood / bodily fluids
mucous membrane
cleaning products
chronic wounds

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13
Q

WHEN DO YOU WEAR A DISPOSABLE APRON

A

direct care to a person
direct contact w blood / bodily fluid
cleaning products
person with an infection

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14
Q

A WAY TO ASSESS IF YOU NEED PPE

A

if there is a possibility of contact with with blood or bodily fluid
or with splashing

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15
Q

DONNING PPE

A 
hand hygiene 
apron 
mask 
eye protection
gloves
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16
Q

DOFFING PPE

A 
gloves 
apron
eye protection
mask 
hand hygiene
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17
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIND A BLOOD OR BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE

A 
cordon it off/stay with it 
assess the type of spillage - algorithm
collect the equipment 
PPE
disinfect and clean
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18
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A URINE SPILLAGE

A

soak up with paper towels
use a gelling agent
chlorine 1000ppm solution (sodium hypochlorite)
manufacturers instructions for how long

use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene

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19
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS A BLOOD SPILLAGE

A

chlorine granules directly on / 10000ppm chlorine solution
3 mins / manufacturers instructions
discard waste into a healthcare waste bag

use warm water and general detergent
dry
discard waste into healthcare waste bag
hand hygiene

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20
Q

HOW MUCH PPM CHLORINE IS USED ON FAECES/VOMIT/SPUTUM

A

1000ppm av Cl

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21
Q

WHY IS A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF CHLORINE REQUIRED FOR BLOOD SPILLAGES

A

higher BBV risk

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22
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CHLORINE SOLUTION USED

A

sodium hypochlorite

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23
Q

WHAT EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED FOR A BLOOD/BODILY FLUID SPILLAGE

A 
healthcare waste bag 
PPE - gloves, apron 
paper towels 
general detergent solution 
chlorine solution (depends on spillage type)
gelling agent - if urine
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24
Q

WHAT PPE IS REQUIRED FOR CLEANING A SPILLAGE

A

gloves
apron
contact with blood/ bodily fluid

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25
WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES OF DECONTAMINATION
``` cleaning = physical dirt removal, detergent disinfection = decreased no. micro-organisms, chemical disinfectant sterilisation = removes all micro-organisms, heat/chemical disinfectant ```
26
WHAT ARE THE 4 CATAGORIES OF CARE EQUIPMENT
single use single patient use = re-used on same patient re-usable invasive = re-used items after decontaminated re-useable non-invasive = re-used communal items after decontaminated, have a schedule to clean
27
WHAT WIPES ARE COMMONLY USED ON REUSEABLE NON INBASIVE EQUIPMENT
70% isopropyl
28
HIGHEST TO LOWEST INFECTION RISK OF THINGS TO CONTACT
broken skin / body cavity mucous membrane in tact skin
29
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE EQUIPMENT
commonly clinical staff
30
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFE MANAGEMENT OF CARE ENVIRONMENT
cleaning/domestic staff
31
WHAT DO THE 4 CLEANING PRODUCT COLOURS MEAN
``` blue = general wards and public places green = food red = bathroom yellow = isolated areas and ambulances ```
32
WHAT SHOULD A CLEANING SCHEDULE TELL YOU
whats been cleaned who cleaned it when it was cleaned when it should next be cleaned
33
ADVANTAGE OF A CLEANIING SCHEDULE
staff satisfaction | prevents duplication of error
34
HOW OFTEN SHOULD CLEANING SOLUTIONS BE CHANGED
30 mins
35
DEFINE SIGNIFICANT INCIDENT
contact with blood/ bodily fluids
36
DEFINE SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURE
contact with blood/ bodily fluids where source is known to/found to have a BBV
37
TYPES OF SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS
percutaneous injury = sharps broken skin exposure mucous membrane exposure
38
DEFINE SHARPS
anything that can break the skin | needles, teeth, instruments, bone fragments
39
RISK OF CONTRACTING THE THREE BBV
hep B = 1/3 / 30% hep C = 1/30 / 3% HIV = 1/300 / 0.3%
40
TREATING EACH BBV
hep B = a vaccine / PEP if no vaccine response hep C = no vaccine / no PEP / but there are good treatments HIV = no vaccine / PEP ASAP
41
WHAT ARE EXPOSURE PRONE PROCEDURES
staff with BBV have a gloved finger not visible when near a sharp in body of patient
42
SHARPS RULES
``` dont fill above line dont have open when not in use dont put bin on floor dont put hand into bin dont walk around with exposed sharps dispose of used sharp immediately ask for assistance with an uncooperative patient dont pass sharps to someone else ```
43
WAYS TO PREVENT SHARPS INJURIES
``` follow sharps rules avoid sharps where possible use 'safer' sharps where possible cover cuts PPE keep sharps containers at safe heights never resheath needle ```
44
SHARPS FIRST AID PROCEDURE
``` stop make sharp safe again encourage bleeding wash with warm water and non-antimicrobial soap dry waterproof dressing tell senior call occupational health follow advice which might mean getting bloods ```
45
MUCOUS MEMBRANE SPLASH PROCEDURE
rinse eye with water / eye wash kits
46
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFELY DISPOSING OF WASTE
your duty of care to others costs regulations
47
3 CATAGORIES OF WASTE AND THIER COLOUR
domestic waste - black healthcare waste - orange, yellow, blue special/hazardous - red, purple
48
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF HEALTHCARE WASTE AND THEIR COLOURS
``` clinical = orange lid yellow bin hygiene = orange bag medicinal = blue lid yellow bin ```
49
WHAT DOES THE YELLOW COLOUR WASTE MEAN
high risk / ethical
50
WHAT DOES THE ORANGE WASTE STREAM MEAN
low risk
51
HOW DOES GIVING SOMEONE ANTIBIOTICS CAUSE CLOSTRIDUM DIFFICILE
because antibiotics kill both good and bad bacteria and CD can lie dormant and now can multiply and release toxins happens day 4-9 after started the antibiotics
52
RISK FACTORS FOR C.DIFF
``` previous antibiotic exposure old long hospital stays underlying diseases surgery ```
53
SYMPTOMS OF C DIFF
``` diarrhoea ab cramp frequent stool fever increased WBC colitis ```
54
DEFINITION OF DIARRHOEA
3+ loose stools a day
55
HOW DOES C.DIFF SPREAD
spores | through faeces
56
HOW TO TREAT C.DIFF
oral metronidazole | vancomycin
57
HOW TO STOP SPREAD OF C.DIFF
``` isolate patient stop appropriate antibiotics PPE decontaminate environment daily w 1000ppm av Cl wash hands with soap not ABHR ```
58
COMMON SHARPS INJURIES
``` during IDB - into thumb adjusting posts of CoCr dentures out the mouth burs/ultrasonic tips left in handpieces slipping luxators unsheathed needles left on messy tray ```
59
WHY CHECK THE PERSON WITH THE SHARPS INJURY HBV LEVEL AT THE TIME
so we can know whether it was the incident that caused it or not
60
WHEN WOULD PEP BE REQUIRED
when the sources blood is high risk
61
HOW SOON SHOULD PEP BE GIVEN
ASAP but within 72 hours
62
WHAT IS HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBIN
a drug that is a recommended addition to the hep B vaccine for PEP of hep B
63
WHICH MEDICATION IS USED FOR HIV PEP
anti-retroviral medication | anti HIV basically
64
SIDE EFFECTS OF HIV PEP
headache fever nausea
65
HOW LONG SHOULD YOU CHECK UP ON BBV EXPOSURE/PEP STARTED
12 weeks | if the test is negative now there is high confidence that they don't have a BBV
66
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO ON A BLOOD SOURCE PERSON OF A SHARPS INJURY
risk assessment | if answer Q4-10 as Yes then high risk of BBV
67
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DATIX FORM IS FILLED OUT
injured person goes on affected person list | dentist/student name/number added as a witness and to the summary of the event
68
WHY MUST THE BBV RISK ASSESSMENT FORM BE DESTROYED AFTER OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
as BBV person doesn't have to disclose that they have a BBV - its confidential
69
WHAT OTHER CHEMICAL CAN BE USED TO CLEAN BLOOD SPILLAGES
dichloroisocyanurate

OSCE (14 decks)

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