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Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

WHEN DO YOU USE A TRAUMA SPLINT

A

when a child has an avulsed permanent tooth

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2
Q

HOW LONG SHOULD A TRAUMA SPLINT BE ON FOR WHEN THE TOOTH WAS AVULSED OR EXTRUDED

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

ADVICE FOR PARENTS WHEN A TOOTH IS AVULSED

A 
keep tooth in milk or saliva
don't allow tooth to dry out
if there's debris - run under cold water for 10 seconds holding crown 
don't touch the root 
reimplant it quickly
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4
Q

WHAT MATERIAL IS THE WIRE USED IN TRUAMA SPLINT

A

0.6/0.3mm stainless steel

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5
Q

WHAT INSTURMENT IS USED TO BEND THE WIRE FOR A TRUAMA SPLINT

A

adams pliers

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6
Q

PROCEDURE OF A TRUMA SPLINT

A

cut wire to length of three teeth and bend
etch 3 teeth - frosted looking enamel
dry teeth
prime and bond
cure 20s
composite
sink wire in using tweezers and adjust - away from ging margin
thin covering of comp over wire using hand instrument
cure 20s
smooth composite and wire

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7
Q

WHY IS THE BENDING OF THE WIRE IMPORTANT

A

as it must stay as a passive appliance and not act as an ortho appliance

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8
Q

WHAT IS THE BEST WIRE METHOD FOR A TRAUMA SPLINT

A

composite wire

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9
Q

OTHER WIRE OPTIONS FOR TRAUMA SPLINT

A 
acrylic wire (thicker)
vacuum formed splint
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10
Q

WHAT DOES AVULSED MEAN

A

the tooth has been fully dislodged from the socket

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11
Q

WHAT CAN HAPPEN TO AN AVULSED TOOTH

A

hypoxia and necrosis of the pulp

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12
Q

IN WHICH CASES SHOULD A TRAUMA SPLINT BE ON FOR 4 WEEKS

A

luxation
apical/mid 3rd root fractures
dento-alveolar fracture

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13
Q

IN WHICH CASE WOULD A TRAUMA SPLINT BE REQUIRED FOR AN ADDITIONAL 4 WEEKS

A

breakdown/fracture of marginal bone

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14
Q

WHICH CASES WOULD EMAN A TRUAMA SPLINT IS REQUIRED FOR 4WEEKS - 4 MONTHS

A

cervical 1/3 root fracture

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15
Q

WHAT ARE EARLY MOUTH PROBLEMS

A

gingival cysts : Epstein’s pearls / Bohns nodules - keratin
neonatal/natal teeth
congenital epulis : cell proliferation at alveolar ridge
eruption cysts : blue

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16
Q

WHAT DOES SYSTEMIC DISTURBANCES OF CALCIFICATION CAUSE

A

enamel defects

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17
Q

WHAT DOES A DIFFICULT PRENANCY / DIFFICULT BIRTH CAUSE IN TEETH

A

non-inheritied congenital primary dentition defects

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE CALCIFICATIONS OF DEVEOPING TEETH AT BIRTH

A 
A = 1/2
B - 1/3 
D = 1/2 
C = tip
E = 1/3 
6 = tip of cusps
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19
Q

WHAT IS THE STAGES OF THE TOOTH ERUPTION PROCESS

A

cellular proliferation at apex
localised change in blood/hydrostatic pressure
metabolic activity in PDL
resorption of overlying hard tissue - dental follicle enzymes
stops when tooth contacts something

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20
Q

WHY DOES TOOTH ERUPTION HAPPEN ALL THROUGH LIFE

A

to compensate for vertical growth of jaws and toothwear

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21
Q

WHICH JAWS TEETH ERUPT FIRST

WHAT ARE THE EXCEPTIONS

A

lower

except B and 5

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22
Q

HOW SOON DO THE CONTRALATERAL TEETH ERUPT WITHIN EACHOTHER IN PRIMARY JAW

A

3 months

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23
Q

WHEN IS THE PRIMARY DENTITION COMPLETE

A

2.5-3 years old

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE ERUPTION SEQUENCE OF PRIMARY TEETH

A

ABDCE

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25
WHEN DO THE As ERUPT
4-6months (0 years old)
26
WHEN DO THE Bs ERUPT
7-16 months(0.5-1.5 years old)
27
WHEN DO THE Ds ERUPT
13-19 months (1 year old)
28
WHEN DO THE Cs ERUPT
16-22 months (1 years old)
29
WHEN DO THE Es ERUPT
15-33 months (1-2years old)
30
PRIMARY CROWNS COMPARED TO PERMANENT
whiter, wider M-D molars, smaller
31
PRIMARY ROOTS COMPARED TO PERMANENT
narrower longer flare apically
32
PRIMARY ROOT CANALS COMPARED TO PERMANENT
ribbon shaped | multi interconnecting and accessory canals = impossible to fully clean
33
PRIMARY ENAMEL COMPARED TO PERMANENT
thinner | consistent thickness all over
34
PRIMARY DENTINE COMPARED TO PERMANENT
coronal dentine much thinner
35
PRIMARY OCCLUSION COMPARED TO PERMANENT
should have anterior spacing so permanents wont be crowded anthropoid/primate spacing = M to upper canines and D to lower canines leeway space = extra M-D space on molars (1.5mm upper, 2.5mm lower)
36
PRIMARY ROOT FORMANTION (APEXOGENESIS) COMPARED TO PERMANENT
1.5 years compared to 3 years
37
PRIMARY ARCH LENGTH COMPARED TO PERMANENT
primary arch ends where permanent molars would start
38
PRIMARY OVERJET COMPARED TO PERMANENT
reduced
39
PRIMARY INCISORS COMPARED TO PERMANENT
more upright instead of reclined like permanents
40
PRIMARY CENTRAL INCISORS TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
root bends distally | mesial edge straighter than distal
41
HOW TO TELL UPPER AND LOWER PRIMARY CENTRAL INCISORS APART
upper are wider and less symmetrical M-D = easier to tell if its L/R root flares DISTALLY
42
PRIMARY CANINES TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
mesial edge straighter - distal one flares straight after ADJ
43
HOW TO TELL UPPER AND LOWER PRIMARY CANINES APART
upper are more bulbous compared
44
UPPER FIRST PRIMARY MOLAR MORPHOLOGY
looks like no other tooth prominent MB tubercle squarer occlusally than lower
45
LOWER FIRST PRIMARY MOLAR TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
prominent MB tubercle | more rectangle occlusally than upper (more leeway space needed for lowers)
46
UPPER SECOND PRIMARY MOLAR MORPHOLOGY
transverse ridge MP -> DB | 3 roots 2 B and 1 P
47
LOWER SECOND PRIMARY MOLAR MORPHOLOGY
3 buccal cusps | like FPMS
48
WHAT AGE IS MIXED DENTITION
6-11
49
WHICH TOOTH ERUPTS FIRST
lower FPMs
50
WHICH TOOTH ERUPTS LAST
7s or 8s
51
WHICH TEETH COME IN AT AGE 10
4s and 5s
52
ERUPTION SEQUENCE OF UPPER ARCH
61245378
53
ERUTPION SEQUENCE OF LOWERS
61234578
54
WHAT AGE DOSE THE UPPER 6S COME IN
6
55
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 1S COME IN
7
56
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 2S COME IN
8
57
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 4S COME IN
10
58
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 5S COME IN
10
59
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 3S COME IN
11
60
WHAT AGE DO THE UPPER 7S COME IN
12
61
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 6S COME IN
6
62
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 1S COME IN
6
63
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 2S COME IN
7
64
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 3S COME IN
9
65
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 4S COME IN
10
66
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 5S COME IN
10
67
WHAT AGE DO THE LOWER 7S COME IN
12
68
WHICH AGE DO NO TEETH COME IN FOR THE UPPER
9
69
WHICH AGES DO NO TEETH OME IN FOR THE LOWER
8 | 11
70
WHAT CAUSES AND INCREASED ANTRO-POSTERIOR ARCH LENGTH WHEN THE PERMANENT TEETH COME IN
the incisors come in at a more proclined position
71
WHAT IS THE UGLY DUCKING PHASE
transient spacing of the permanent incisors when the first come in caused by the unerupted canines both facing distally sorts out when canines erupt
72
WHAT ARE OPERATIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHILDRENA AND ADULTS
``` coop -maturity - behaviour access tooth size and shape restorative material choices preventative care constant change : developing dentition ```
73
WHEN IS LA NOT REQUIRED IN CHILDREN RESTORATIONS
minimal cavity that can be hand excavated or just the slow speed
74
WHATS THE ONLY TIME YOU REMOVE THE TRANSVERSE RIDGE OF THE UPPER E
when its undermined by caries - other wise keep it
75
HOW WIDE CAN OCCLUSAL CAVITITIES BE IN KIDS
just remove pits and fissures | 1.5mm - width of bur
76
HOW DO YOU PREPARE A PROXIMAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN
occlusal prep extend proximally creating isthmus and drop box down creating gingival floor - clear step clear contacts
77
WHAT MATERIAL IS USED TO RESTORE CERVICAL CARIES ON AN INCISOR
GIC - cover with Vaseline(moisture control) | /compomer
78
WHAT MATERIAL IS USED TO REPLACE INTERPROXIMAL INCISOR CARIES
composite | compomer
79
WHAT ARE BOARD SEPARATORS FOR
tooth separation | can be before hall crown
80
HOW TO BOARD SEPARATORS WORK
floss them in and then see patient 3-5 days later | should fall out or be taken out
81
RULES TO GET A HALL CROWN
no pupal involvement = xray | sufficient tissue left to retain crown
82
WHAT SHOULD THE FIT OF A HALL CROWN BE
below the gingival margins / below margins of cavitation
83
HALL CROWN PROCEDURE
``` choose crown try in GI luting cement dry tooth crown over tooth palatal to buccal partially seat and either hold with finger / let child bite in it and hold for 2-3 mins remove cement from margins ```
84
WHY MUST THE HALL CROWN BE HELD FOR 2-3 MINS
to prevent any springing back which would remove GIC from margins and reduce effective seal
85
WHAT TO REASSURE PARENT AND CHILD ABOUT AFTER PREFROMED METAL CROWN
gingiva which is normal and will adjust meant to be tight used to it in 24hours occlusion adjusts in a few weeks
86
STAINLESS STEEL CROWN TECHNIQUE TOOTH PREP
remove contact - knife edged reduce occlusally 2mm - no more than 5mm smooth corners
87
WHAT PLIERS ARE USED TO CONTOUR SS CROWNS
crown crimping pliers
88
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH PREFORMED METAL CROWNS
rocking - crown not fitting tooth - adjust prep canting - uneven reduction of occlusal surface loss of space - not enough space
89
MINOR FAILURES OF PREFORMED CROWNS
new/secondary caries filling or crown lost/ needs intervention restoration lost but restorable reversible pulpitis treated without pulpotomy / extraction
90
MAJOR FAILURES OF PREFORMED CROWNS
irreversible pulpitis or abcess = pulpotomy / extraction filling lost tooth unrestorable interradicular radiolucency
91
SPLIT DAM TECHNIQUE
floss clamp clamp tooth 2 holes 1cm apart - scissors to connect them dam over clamp - hold anteriorly with widget frame
92
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN DECIDING IF YOU SHOULD RESTORE A TOOTH OR NOT
longevity and cooperation
93
TYPES OF SPACE MAINTAINERS
band and loop - when tooth lost early | distal show retainer
94
WHAT DOES HYPOMINERALISED MEAN
disturbed enamel formation - all the enamel is present but has lesser mineral content - looks different
95
WHAT DOES HYPOPLASTIC MEAN
normal mineral content but not all enamel there
96
EFFECT OF MIIH ON THE PULP
more BV - bring immune cells more immune cells more nervous tissue
97
CLINICAL EFFECT OF MIH
loss of tooth substance has greater effect : tooth wear, secondary caries, breakdown enamel sensitivity appearence
98
WHAT TYPES OF PAIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MIH
central sensitisation dentine hyper sensitivity peripheral sensitivity - pulp
99
CAUSE OF MIH
unknown - but critical point of enamel development = 1st year of life so consider pre-natal - preeclampsia / gestational diabetes perinatal - birth trauma post natal - prolonged breast feeding / childhood infections
100
HOW TO TREAT MIH MOLARS
comp/GI restorations SS crowns adhesively retained copings extract
101
WHY SHOULD LOWER 6S WITH BAD MIH BE REMOVED AGE 8.5-9.5
as this is when there is calcification of the 7s bifurcation = 6s removed and 7s will tip into 6 place and look normal doesn't matter when in uppers it will just happen
102
HOW TO TREAT MIH INCISORS
``` acid pumice microabraison resin infiltration external bleaching localised comp placement combination of above full veneers in composite - change to porcelain when 20 and ging margin calmed down ```
103
WHAT IS THE JAW RELATIONSHIP AT BIRTH
gum pads separated anteriorly - cant close mouth | tongue touches lip - changes
104
WHAT ARE THE 5 FACTORS IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF A CHILDS DEVELOPMENT
``` social cognitive motor language perceptual ```
105
WHAT ARE THE 4 STAGES OF A CHILDS COGNITIVE DEVELOMENT
sensorimotor preoperational thought concrete options formal operations
106
WHAT IS A DENTALLY RELEVANT DISORDER OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
cleft lip/palate : cleft speech
107
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF CLEFT SPEECH
oro-nasal fistula velopharyngeal incompetence nasal emission, articulation and resonance
108
HOW IS CELFT SPEECH TREATED
``` other surgeries different bottle teets articulation therapy communication support input modelling early intervention ```
109
THINGS TO DO WITH A CHILD IN DENTAL SURGERY
``` explain validate their feeling but try to move forward with them give them control be empathetic get the parent involves - sit on knee language alternatives give them a chnace to speak ```
110
WHEN WORKING OUT AGE OF A CHILD BASED ON PICTURES WHAT TO LOOK FOR
``` FPMS =6 incisors lower = 6 incisors upper 1 lower 2 =7 incisors upper 2 = 8 lower canine = 9 premolars (lower 2 can = 11) = 10 upper canine = 11 molars 7s = 12 molars 8s = 16-25 ```
111
WHAT DOES THE FACE DEVELOP FROM
pharyngeal arches
112
WHICH CLEFT CAN BE BILATERAL/UNILATERAL
lip | palate can only be in middle
113
WHAT CAUSES CLEFT LIP
failure of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal processes
114
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF MEDIAN CLEFT LIP
failure of the 2 medial nasal process to fuse
115
WHICH CLEFT IS MORE LIKELY IN MALES
lip
116
WHICH CLEFT ID MORE LIKELY IN FEMALES
palate
117
WHAT CAUSES CLEFT PALATE
failure of the 2 palatal shelves to fuse at midline
118
WHICH CELFT IS EASIER SEEN EARLIER ON ULTRASOUND
lip at 20 weeks
119
WHAT TIME CAN YOU DO EARLY INTERVENTION FOR CLEFT LIP
3-6 months
120
WHAT TIME CAN YOU DO EARLY INTERVENTION FOR CLEFT PALATE
6-12 months
121
WHAT ISSUES DOES CLEFT CAUSE THAT ARE HARD TO SOLVE
breastfeeding - cant form seal hearing issues / more vulnerable to ear infections dental/speech problems teeth don't develop correctly

OSCE (14 decks)

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