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Clinical Lab Diagnosis > Single Enzyme elevation and Plasma Protein > Flashcards

Single Enzyme elevation and Plasma Protein Flashcards

1
Q

If Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is elevated without GGT elevation, what is the issue?

A

Bone

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2
Q

What is usually ordered to find out the origin of the ALP via electrophoresis?

A

Isoenzymes

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3
Q

What LDH isoenzyme is mainly from heart tissue and RBC?

A

LDH-1

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4
Q

What LDH isoenzyme is mainly from the reticuloendothelial system?

A

LDH-2

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5
Q

What LDH isoenzyme comes from the lungs and other tissues?

A

LDH-3

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6
Q

What LDH isoenzyme comes from kidney, placenta and pancreas?

A

LDH-4

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7
Q

What LDH isoenzyme is mainly from liver and striated muscle?

A

LDH-5

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8
Q

In regards to the Albumin to Globulin Ratio, what is usually the greater fraction?

A

Albumin

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9
Q

What does it mean if the Albumin to Globilin ratio is less than 0.8?

A

low albumin or increased globulin

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10
Q

What organ is most Albumin produced by?

A

Liver

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11
Q

What is the main job of Albumin?

A

Maintain oncotic pressure

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12
Q

What 4 conditions are when Albumin is decreased?

A

Pregnancy
Malnutrition
Cirrhosis
Cachexia

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13
Q

What increased value may be caused by Lupus, RA, pregnancy, infection, or cancer?

A

Alpha-1 globulin

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14
Q

What increased value may be caused by the above conditions as well as kidney disease and heart attack?

A

Alpha-2 globulin

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15
Q

What increased value may be caused by liver disease, anemia, and increased lipid level?

A

Beta globulin

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16
Q

What increased value may be caused by chronic infection and autoimmune disease?

A

Gamma globulin

17
Q

Which Gammopathy is associated with a clonal process that is malignant or potentially malignant?

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy

18
Q

Which Gammopathy may be caused by any reactive or inflammatory process, usually non-malignant?

A

Polyclonal Gammopathy

19
Q

What does electrophoresis show with Monoclonal Gammopathy?

A

M spike or Bence Jones Proteinuria

20
Q

What condition usually develops atop a monoclonal gammopathy and is considered a lymphoproliferative B cell disorder?

A

Multiple Myeloma

21
Q

What are the characteristic features of the CBC of Multiple Myeloma?

A

Anemia, Rouleaux formation

22
Q

What are the characteristic features of the plasma protein electrophoresis of Multiple Myeloma?

A

M-spike

23
Q

What is the confirmatory test of Multiple Myeloma?

A

Bone Marrow biopsy

24
Q

What is the most common heavy chain antibody form of myeloma?

A

IgG

25
Q

If IgM is found, what is the most likely condition?

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

Clinical Lab Diagnosis (10 decks)

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