"Singer Solution to World Poverty": Reading Check Flashcards

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1
Q

Who wrote “Singer Solution to World Poverty”?

A

Peter Singer

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2
Q

When was “Singer Solution to World Poverty” written?

A

1999

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3
Q

Who is Peter Singer?

A

An Australian philospher

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4
Q

What hypothetical scenario does Singer open the writin with?

A

Dora is a retired schoolteacher who works by writing letters for illiterate people. She gets the opportunity to get a thousand dollars if she gets a 9-year-old boy to an address she has been given. Once she gets the thousand dollars, she buys a television set. But, then she is informed that the boy will be killed and his organs sold for transplantation.

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5
Q

What is Singer’s purpose?

A

To convince those spending money on unnecessary luxuries to donate to poverty

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6
Q

Who is the intended audience in this essay?

A

Anyone who is able to donate money to organizations

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7
Q

What pathos is Singer trying to appeal to?

A

Guilt

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8
Q

What rhetorical device does Singer use when he offers the example of Bob’s Bugatti on the train tracks?

A

Analogy

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9
Q

What logical fallacy does Singer commit when he puts the audience into Bob and Dora’s feet?

A

False analogy

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10
Q

How does Singer commit hasty generalization?

A

When he simplifies the problem of world poverty down to the lack of donations; he fails to mention how weak political and economic structures, for instance, can lead to poverty

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11
Q

How does Singer commit either-or reasoning?

A

When he uses extremities and presents an unrealistically dire situation;
More specifically, in the Bob situation, he implies that if the reader does not donate, an innocent child will die;
Even more specifically, when he questions if there even is a moral distinction between a Brazilian who lets a child be killed or the average American who buys luxuries for themselves

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12
Q

How does Singer appeal to ethos?

A

When he refers to himself as “a utilitarian philosopher” and places himself in a position of moral “correctness”

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13
Q

How does Singer appeal to logos?

A

He uses statistics and numbers;
By Unger’s calculation, $200 would help a sickly 2-year-old transform into a healthy 6-year-old;
An American household that makes about $50,000 spends about $30,000 on necessities, so there is a remaining $20,000 for donation

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14
Q

What is the one difference Singer recognizes in his analogy of Bob?

A

That only Bob can save the child on tracks, but there are hundreds of millions of people who can give $200 to overseas aid organization

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15
Q

What organizations does Singer want his audience to donate to?

A

UNICEF and Oxfam America

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15
Q

What organizations does Singer want his audience to donate to?

A

UNICEF and Oxfam America

16
Q

What fallacy (not described) does Singer commit overall?

A

Appeal to Emotion Fallacy;
He does this through his choice of examples and imagery (which he uses to create moral conflict)

17
Q

According to Singer, what is a utilitarian philosopher?

A

One who judges whether acts are right or wrong by their consequences