Simple Eukaryotes (protists And Fungi) Flashcards
List 4 different types of Eukaryotes
Protists: Protozoa
Fungi: Mold, yeast
Animals: vertebrae’s
Plants: Not pathogenic
How many nuclei to protist cells have?
Some like Giardia have two or more
How do protist cells move?
With Flagella/cilia
Are protist sexual or asexual?
Both, some require hosts
What is the difference between a cyst, ocysts and a oocysts?
They are dormant, encapsulated forms, similar to endospores.
Cysts have 1 layer, ocysts have two layers and oocysts have 3 layers
What is phylum Metamonada?
They are anaerobic, lack mitochondria, most are symbionts of animals.
ie) Giardia
What do diplomonads have?
Multiple flagella and 2 separate nuclei. Eg) Giardia
What is Giardia lamblia:
It’s anaerobic, symbiotic, 2 nuclei, no mitochondria, multiple flagella,
It’s an example Diplomonads
What are unique Parablasalids:
They have Flagella and undulating membrane that is used for motility.
Give an example of Parablasalids
Trichomonas Vaginalis,
It’s sexually transmitted and infects the vagina and urethra.
What belongs in Phylum Euglenozoa?
Non-parasitic photosynthetic forms, typically have flagella ie) Euglena
What is a kinetoplastids?
These organisms have a single lg mitochondria. The kinetoplast stain darkly
What is an example of Trypanosomes:
Trypanosoma brucei: causes African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma Cruzi: causes Chagas’ disease
How does Trypanosma brucei cause infection?
T.brucei is transmitted by tsetse fly. The Tsetse fly normally only feeds off of wild life. Humans are incidental hosts.
What disease does Trypanosoma cruzi casue?
It can cause Chagas’ disease. (Found in the America’s)
Transmitted by Triomine (kissing bug) the triatomine bug will bit while sleeping. If get fecus and scratch it into the bite can enter the blood. Also transferred via blood transfusion.
What belongs in the Phylum alveolata?
Dinoflagellates and Apicomplexa
What is Dinoflagellates?
Photosynthetic phytoplankton. Can produce toxins->paralytic shellfish poisoning (Shellfish eats to many and humans eat it and get the toxin)
What is unique about apicomplexa?
Apicomplexa= apical complex. Used to penetrate into a cell (Sporozoites)
Exclusively parasite of animals. They have intricate life cycles with both sexual and asexual phases.
What is unique about plasmodium?
Plasmodium= malaria in humans.
Transmitted by anopheles.
Cyclic fevers. Caused by 4 different species: P.falciparum, P.vivx, P.ovale, & P.malariae
Describe Toxoplasma gondii
Lifecycle typically between cats and rodents. Causes behaviour change. Get from consuming cat feces. The cysts are very sticky. Humans are incidental hosts. Very dangerous of pregnant women.
Describe Crytosporidium parvum
Crytosporidium parvum is transmitted in water contaminated with feces causes diarrhea. Forms oocysts that are resistant to chlorine
How do amoebas move?
They move using pseudopodia. (False feet)
What is Entamoeba histolytica?
Causes is amoebic dysentery, transited in unsanitry water. Cysts survive outside host in moist/wet places.
What do Acanthamoeba species do?
They can causes eye infection through an improperly sterilized contact lens.
What is the study of Fungi?
Mycology
How are fungi identified?
By appearance, rxn to stains, biochemical tests
What do mycelium (hyphae) do?
They secrete digestive enzymes into there environment and bring in individual molecules inside
Mass of Hyphae =
Mycelium
What are haustoria?
Projections from the hyphae of parasitic fungi used to penetrate host cells
Describe mold.
Branches are loose, contains mycelium (mass of hyphae) (fuzz)
Produce asexual spore forming bodies
Can reproduces sexually
Ie) Penicillium species
How does yeast reproduce?
Unequal mitosis = daughter cell only gets a little bit most stays with the parent cell. This is called budding.
What are some examples of yeast?
Candida albicans-> thrush or vaginal yeast infections.
What does it mean to be a Dimorphic Pathogenic Fungi?
That it has two forms. One is as mold/hyphal/filamentous or as yeast
What is an example of a dimorphic pathogenic fungi?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Fungal infection =
Mycolic
What are animal-like protists called?
Protozoa
Give an example of Diplomonadida and what are its primary characteristics:
Giardia: Loss of mitochondria, two nuclei
Give an example of Parabasala and a characteristic
Trichomonas: loss of mitochondria, undulating membrane
Give an example of Kinetoplstida and a characteristic
Trypanosma: kinetoplast
Give a characteristic of dinoflagellata
Armor of cellulose plates
Give an example and a characteristic of Apicomplexa
An apical complex: plasmodium, toxoplasma, Crytosporidium
Give an example and a characteristic of amoebazoa
They move/feed using pseudopodia. Eg) Entamoeba.
Explain the difference between telemorphic and anamorphic
Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage, typically a fruiting body. Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage, often mold-like; When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.
How would you define a protist?
Typically microscopic & unicellular, cells are highly organized with nucleus and organelles. It’s an Eukaryotic organism that neither an animal, plant or fungi.
How would you describe a fungi cell?
It’s a Eukaryotic cell: hetertrophic uses both asexual (budding) and sexual means for reproduction. Can produce spores. Use exotoxins to digest and than absorb nutrients from its envrionement
