Intro Micro Flashcards

1
Q

What is a photosynthetic microbe?

A

They produce 02->are photosynthetic such as Cyanobacteria

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2
Q

What is Symbiosis? What are the three different kinds? Give examples of each.

A

Symbiosis: a biological relationship (living together typically)

1) Mutualism: Both organism Benifits. Win win situation. Ie) Clownfish and sea anemone.
2) Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed. Win-lose, this type of relationship can either do minimal dmg to host or lead up to death. Ie) Tuberculosis in human lungs.
3) Commensalism: One Benifits and the other is unaffected. Such as white shirt and pilot fish.

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3
Q

What is the Black Plague caused by typically? How is it transmitted?
How can it change in humans?

A

The Black Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis.
It was transmitted from Rat->flea-> human. This form of transmission causes Bubonic Plague. (Buboes = swollen lymph gland).
If it entered the blood stream it could causes Sceptic Plague . If becomes aerosol and enters lungs it becomes Pneumonic Plague.

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4
Q

Who first described cells? What was he looking at?

A

Roberts Hooke (1663) was the first to observe cells. He was looking at a piece of cork and observed jail like cells. Hence the name

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5
Q

What did Antoine van Leeuwenhoek do/discover?

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek made great lens’ and discovered what he termed ‘animalacules’ which he found in clear pond water. Would look at a lot of different stuff under the microscope. First to obs. bacteria.

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6
Q

What is Spontaneous generation theory? What theory replaced it?

A
Spontaneous generation states that living organisms could arise from non-living inanimate mater.  
Cell theory (developed by Matthias Schneider & Theodor Schwann): living things are made up of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, all cells/living organism arise from pre-existing cells/organisms.
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7
Q

What are two experiments that disproved spontaneous generation?

A

1) Franceso Reid (1668): demonstrated that covering meat jars with gauze prevented the generation of maggots.
2) Louis Pasteur (1800): demonstrated the presences of microorganisms in the air with his swan-neck flask experiments

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8
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates?

A

They are steps that demonstrate that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

1) Isolate microbe from dead (infected animal)
2) Grow microbes in pure culture ->characterize and identify
3) infect new host
4a) obs the same disease systems in hew host
4b) isolate and identify microbe as the same.

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9
Q

Can Koch’s postulates be used to demonstrate the cause of any disease?

A

No-> due to either ethical issues. Also doesn’t work with lifestyle issues (smoking) or genetic conditions.

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10
Q

What is the Germ Theory of disease

A

States that microorganism are the causative agents of some disease

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11
Q
What did the following people due?
Joseph Lister
Florence Nightingale
Edward Jennner
Water Reed
A

Joseph Lister: after looking at Pasteur’s work started implementing washing hands and cleaning to help prevent surgical infections.
Florence Nightingale: promoted cleanliness,compassion and commitment to patient care
Edward Jenner: inoculated boy with cowpox virus->boy was than protected from small pox. Termed vaccination from word Vacca which means cow.
Walter Reed->Showed that yellow fever is caused by a virus

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12
Q

Name some of the things that microbes do in the environment. In industry.

A

They breakdown waste material, used in food processes like wine and cheese

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13
Q

What is the protein that replicates DNA

A

DNA polymerase

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14
Q

What is transcriptase? What protein is used?

A

Transcriptase is using a DNA template to created mRNA. The protein used in RNA polymerase

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15
Q

What is used in translation?

A

Translation is taking the mRNA and forming a strand of protein using Ribosome

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