Simon And Chabris Flashcards
What is the area
Cognitive
What are the two types of blindness
Change blindness
Inattentional blindness
Change blindness meaning
Individuals often do not detect large changed to objects and scenes from one view to the next particularly if those objects are not the centre of interest in the scene
Inattentional blindness
When attention is diverted to another object or task. Observers often fail to perceive an unexpected object, even if it appears at fixation
What was the aim of the study
To examine inattentional blindness for complex objects and events in dynamic scenes
- to consider a role go task difficulty in detection
- to look at the effect of a superimposed version of the display compared to a live version
- to see whether the unusualness of the unexpected event has an effect in detection rates
What is the research method
Lab experiment
What is the experimental design
Independent measures design
What were the independent variables
1) Transparent or opaque
2) umberella women or gorilla
3) hard or easy task
Independent variables 1 and 2
1) the transparent/ umberella woman condition
2) the transparent/ gorilla condition
3) the opaque/ umberella woman condition
4) the opaque/ gorilla condition
Independent variable 3
Each of the four displays there were 4 task conditions
1) White/easy
2) white/ hard
3) black/ easy
4) black/hard
What was the easy condition
Count the total number of pases made by the attended team (white or black team)
What was the hard condition
Count the number of bounce passes and aerial pases made by the attended team
How many individual conditions were there overall?
16 individual conditions
What was the dependent variable
Number of ppts in each of the 16 conditions who noticed the unexpected event
Materials
4 video tapes (75seconds in duration were created)
A controlled observation was conducted
Sample: how many ppts ?
228 ppts referred to as ‘observers’
Almost all undergraduate students
Did ppts volunteer
Each ppt either volunteered to participate without compensation, received a candy bar, or was paid a single fee for participating in this and another, unrelated experiment
How many ppts data was discarded
36 ppts were discarded so results were used from 192 ppts
Conclusions
Individuals have a sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events
Inattentional blindness occurs in both displays but more frequently in sunperimposed displays as opposed to live action
There is no conscious perception without attention
