Similarities And Differences Among Livjng Organisms

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

the basic unit of structure and function that makes up all organisms

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes

Question 4

reproduction

Answer 4

the process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type

Question 5

cell respiration

Answer 5

the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored inside them

Question 6

synthesis

Answer 6

a life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances

Question 7

organic

Answer 7

term used to describe molecules that contain both hydrogen and carbon

Question 8

inorganic

Answer 8

a type of molecule that doesn’t contain both hydrogen and carbon but can contain any other combination of elements

Question 9

organelle

Answer 9

a structure within the cell that carries out a specific function

Question 10

tissues

Answer 10

a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function

Question 11

organ

Answer 11

a body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function

Question 12

organ system

Answer 12

several organs that work together to perform a major function in the body

Question 13

cytoplasm

Answer 13

the jellylike substance that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus and that contains specialized structures

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

a large structure within a cell that controls the cell’s metabolism and stores genetic information, including chromosomes and DNA

Question 15

vacuoles

Answer 15

storage sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that may contain either wastes or useful materials, like water or food

Question 16

ribosomes

Answer 16

tiny structures in the cell that are the sites of protein production

Question 17

mitochondria

Answer 17

pod-shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients

Question 18

enzymes

Answer 18

proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things

Question 19

chloroplasts

Answer 19

green organelles that contain chlorophyll; where photosynthesis takes place

Question 20

cell membrane

Answer 20

the thin boundary between the cell and it’s environment

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 22

active transport

Answer 22

the process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

Question 23

digestion

Answer 23

the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use

Question 24

amino acids

Answer 24

any one of several building blocks of protein

Question 25

simple sugars

Answer 25

the result of digested starches

Question 26

receptor molecules

Answer 26

certain protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells

Question 27

hormones

Answer 27

a chemical produced in the endocrine glands

Question 28

respiration

Answer 28

the process by which the chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells

Question 29

circulation

Answer 29

the flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism

Question 30

excretion

Answer 30

the removal of all the wastes produced by the cells of the body

Question 31

immunity

Answer 31

the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease