Sample Questions Flashcards
What is a vaccine?
dead or weakened pathogen
How is immunity developed?
white blood cells produce antibodies
How is DNA used?
codes for the sequence of amino acids assembled into proteins at ribosomes
What is a mutation?
change in the base letter code of DNA
What are the common causes of mutations?
radiation, UV light
What are the effects of mutation?
changes in protein shape and function
What mutations are inheritable?
only those in sex cells
How do cells become specialized?
differentiation and gene expression
What techniques are used to compare DNA?
karyotype shows chromosome pair and gel electrophoresis shows banding pattern of DNA fragments
What influences gene expression?
environmental conditions
State a hypothesis.
If ________, then _________.
Describe treatment in a control and an experimental group.
control - 1 seed in a pot
experimental - 50 or 100 seeds in a pit
What is an independent variable?
the variable that is changed in an experiment
List two ways to improve an experiment.
larger sample size and repeat many trials
Name three abiotic factors.
rainfall, temperature, light, depth
Name a problem from burning coal, burning oil, and the use of CFCs.
acid rain - pollution of habitat
global warming - loss of biodiversity
depletion of ozone - increase UV radiation
1 problem endangering wildlife.
human population and habitat destruction
What do guard cells do?
regulate water balance and gas exchange
What process is carried out in ribosomes?
protein synthesis
Name structures used in communication.
receptor proteins
What are two methods of cellular transport?
passive transport - diffusion/osmosis
active transport - needs ATP
What happens to cells in saltwater?
cytoplasm loses water and shrinks
What is homeostasis?
normal, stable body conditions
How is homeostasis regulated?
feedback and receptors
Where is insulin produced?
pancreas
What main two systems regulate homeostasis?
endocrine and nervous systems
What does genetic engineering do?
combines genes from different organisms
What is genetic engineering used for?
making insulin and growth hormones
What organism is used in genetic engineering?
bacteria
What cuts and splices together the DNA?
enzymes
What does selective breeding do?
mating to produce desired offspring
What are problems with selective breeding?
may bring out recessive traits and you don’t always get what you want
Evolution occurs by what process?
natural selection
What do closely related organisms share?
common ancestry
What are two ways to determine relationships between organisms?
physical/structure comparison and chemical/molecular comparison of DNA, enzymes, and other proteins
What factors affect enzymes?
pH and temperature changing enzyme shapr
How are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen recycled?
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What two elements are in all organic molecules?
carbon and hydrogen
What is the #1 greenhouse gas?
carbon dioxide
