Homeostasis In Organisms

Question 1

biochemical process

Answer 1

a chemical process that occurs in a living thing

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

the process by which some organisms are able to capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

a sugar that is a major source of energy for cells

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

a compound that stores energy in cells

Question 5

gas exchange

Answer 5

the process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide

Question 6

catalyst

Answer 6

a substance that can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up during the reaction

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

a measure of whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or basic

Question 8

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 8

the constant small corrections that normally occur to keep an organism’s internal environment within the limits needed for survival

Question 9

feedback mechsnism

Answer 9

a cycle in which the output of a system either modifies or reinforces the first action taken by the system

Question 10

stimulus

Answer 10

any change in the environment that causes an organism to react

Question 11

pancreas

Answer 11

an endocrine organism that secretes insulin

Question 12

insulin

Answer 12

a hormone that prompts glucose to move from the blood into body cells, resulting in a lower glucose level in the blood

Question 13

guard cells

Answer 13

specialized cells that controls the opening and closing of the pores on the surface of a leaf

Question 14

disease

Answer 14

a condition, other than injury, that prevents the body from working as it should

Question 15

pathogen

Answer 15

an organism that invades the body, causing disease

Question 16

virus

Answer 16

a nonliving particle of protein and genetic material that reproduces by invading the cell of a living organism

Question 17

bacterium

Answer 17

any one of many single celled organisms without a distinct nucleus

Question 18

fungi

Answer 18

the kingdom of organisms that are mostly multicellular, have cell walls made of chitin, and are heterotrophic

Question 19

parasite

Answer 19

an organism that survives by living and feeding on other organisms

Question 20

immune system

Answer 20

the body’s primary defense against disease-causing pathogens

Question 21

antigen

Answer 21

a molecule found on the outer surfaces of cells that the immune system recognizes as other part of the body or an outside invader

Question 22

antibody

Answer 22

a protein produced by the immune system, that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing

Question 23

microbe

Answer 23

any microscopic organism

Question 24

vaccines

Answer 24

a substance made of weakened, killed, or partial pathogens and designed to protect the body from future invasions of that pathogen

Question 25

AIDS

Answer 25

the disease that results when the HIV virus attacks the human immune system

Question 26

allergy

Answer 26

a condition in which a person’s immune system is overly sensitive to environmental substances that are normally harmless